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LOW YIELDS. "Although it is now possible to create new enzyme active sites with immunological methods or by redesigning existing proteins, the chemical efficiency of these catalysts is typically considerably lower than that of naturally occurring enzymes." https://lnkd.in/dEx4mGb View in LinkedIn

BRIGHT FUTURE FOR SYNTHETIC DNA. "DNA, made up of four nucleotide molecules in a sequence, is a code that can be edited and written — not unlike software. The commercialization of DNA sequencing (the reading of an organism’s code) and synthesis (the writing of that code) has accelerated since the mapping of the human genome was completed in 2003." https://cdn.ampproject.org/c/venturebeat.com/2017/01/26/could-synthetic-dna-be-the-next-tech-breakthrough/amp/ View in LinkedIn

SYNTHETIC DNA. "From the moment life gained a foothold on Earth the diversity of organisms has been written in a DNA code of four letters. The latest study moves life beyond G, T, C and A – the molecules or bases that pair up in the DNA helix – and introduces two new letters of life: X and Y." https://lnkd.in/eKdazAS View in LinkedIn

SYNTHETIC DNA INHERITED. "The first living organism to carry and pass down to future generations an expanded genetic code has been created by American scientists, paving the way for a host of new life forms whose cells carry synthetic DNA that looks nothing like the normal genetic code of natural organisms." https://lnkd.in/eKdazAS View in LinkedIn

SIX LETTER CODE. "These data provide direct evidence, the first for any artificially expanded genetic information system, that a LIVE experiment can explore substantial fractions of sequence space in a six letter genetic system." https://lnkd.in/dinaF2C View in LinkedIn

FIRST SYNTHETIC DNA LIFE. "Thus, the resulting bacterium is the first organism to propagate stably an expanded genetic alphabet." https://lnkd.in/dTaWawu View in LinkedIn

DEVILS AND DETAILS. "The timing and number of times mugifumi is performed are important to obtain good results. Special care is needed when performing mugifumi because the growth of wheat and barley varies from year to year and from region to region." https://lnkd.in/dDuN9mZ View in LinkedIn

INCREASED CROP YIELDS. "Mugifumi is known to significantly affect wheat and barley plants. Treated plants have less spindly growth and lodgings, more tillers, longer spikes, and higher yields than untreated plants if farmers perform mugifumi properly." https://lnkd.in/dDuN9mZ View in LinkedIn

MONOLINGUAL BARRIER. "Japanese researchers at agricultural experiment stations have described the methodology of treading and have generated quantitative studies on its remarkable effects over the last several decades. However, the information on this practice in English has remained scarce, since it had been targeted to local farmers and written in Japanese only." https://lnkd.in/dDuN9mZ View in LinkedIn

TENSION AND COMPRESSION WOOD. "In angiosperms reaction wood is called tension wood. Tension wood forms on the side of the part of the plant that is under tension, pulling it towards the affecting force (upwards, in the case of a branch). It has a higher proportion of cellulose than normal wood. Tension wood may have as high as 60% cellulose. In gymnosperms it is called compression wood. Compression wood forms on the side of the plant that is under compression, thereby lengthening/straightening the bend. Compression wood has a higher proportion of lignin than normal wood. Compression wood has only about 30% cellulose compared to 42% in normal softwood. Its lignin content can be as high as 40%." https://lnkd.in/dVbW4mM View in LinkedIn