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MORE THAN SEMANTICS. “There is an absolutely fundamental difference between the traditional definition of a gene as a sequence of DNA and a phenotypic trait. If you define the gene as the phenotype there is no experiment that will tell you if that is the cause or not because it is necessarily the cause. If you define a gene as a DNA sequence as is done today you have a very different definition of a gene. You have omitted all the other properties of a cell which are also inherited.” https://lnkd.in/eBKWC7d View in LinkedIn

PRINCIPLE 8. “There are no programs in the brain.” https://lnkd.in/eBKWC7d View in LinkedIn

NON-GERMLINE INHERITANCE. “Inherited epigenetic effects, of which there are quite a number known are a new reality in our thinking. A single generational epigenetic response to a stress can be subsequently inherited. Epigenetic changes can be assimilated into the genome. Even Darwin’s Galapagos finches show epigenetic inheritance. DNA and epigenetic evolution interact, so it is not just one or the other.” https://lnkd.in/eBKWC7d View in LinkedIn

EXTREME CASE. "In many species, cross-over rates and localisation differ between male and female meioses, and can differ in degree and direction even between closely related species. The most extreme case is achiasmy, an absence of recombination in one sex, nearly always the heterogametic sex. This may have evolved either as a side effect of selection to suppress recombination between the sex chromosomes." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

NON-RANDOM CROSSOVERS. "Crossover interference, where a cross-over in one position strongly reduces the likelihood of another cross-over occurring in the vicinity and/or on the same bivalent, meaning that the distribution of multiple cross-overs are non-random, is widespread" https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

KEY EXCHANGE. "An ubiquitous feature of meiosis is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

PARENT-OFFSPRING CONFLICTS. "Parents make decisions of allocations to offspring before the "meiotic veil of ignorance", whereas offspring compete for resources “from behind the veil”. These parent-offspring conflicts are likely at the origin of parental imprints that occur on some genes at or just before meiosis." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

GAMING TRANSPOSONS. "The second class of selfish genetic elements consists of meiotic drivers that exploit the asymmetry of female meiosis. These elements achieve transmission in excess of 50% by preferentially moving into the meiotic products that will eventually become the eggs or megaspores." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

CHEATING TRANSPOSONS. "These selfish genetic elements fall into two classes. Killer selfish genetic elements kill cells that have not inherited the element. In principle, such killers could operate during meiosis (the hypothetical ‘sister killers’ as discussed above), but the numerous killer selfish genetic elements that have so far been described operate postmeiotically, e.g. by killing sibling sperm." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

GENETIC CHEATING. "A striking feature of meiosis is its apparent fairness: under Mendel’s first law of inheritance, each allele has a 50% chance of ending up in any given gamete. However, there are many selfish genetic elements that increase their chances above 50% by subverting the mechanism of meiosis." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn