“SYMMETRY is a crucial ingredient in the self-assembly of nanostructures with novel optical, electronic, magnetic, or thermal functionality…many new physical properties that are desirable to access depend on breaking this symmetry to introduce higher-order complexity, which has proved difficult. On the other hand, in naturally occurring photonic crystals, such anisotropic structures are widely prevalent.”
http://www.np.phy.cam.ac.uk/uploads/2010/prl10-stretchtune-opalopt.pdf