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BIG PROBLEM. “In this way, the laws of conservation of energy and angular momentum are upheld by black holes. Another fundamental law, the second law of thermodynamics, appears to be violated.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

A typical dusty, chaotic stonemason’s workship in La Bisbal d’Emporda, Catalonia. View in LinkedIn

PHENOMENA VS CONSCIOUSNESS. “All things in the world, as we normally experience them, are phenomena, beneath or behind which lies their “being-in-itself”. Consciousness, by contrast, has “being-for-itself”, since each consciousness is not only a consciousness-of-its-object but also a pre-reflective consciousness-of-itself (conscience de soi).” (A wonderful review of phenomenology) https://lnkd.in/dFHYwFQ View in LinkedIn

PLANCK LENGTH: 1.6 × 10-33 centimeters View in LinkedIn

SORKIN’S EQUIVALENCE. “Hawking's radiation process allowed him to determine the proportionality constant between black hole entropy and horizon area: black hole entropy is precisely one quarter of the event horizon's area measured in Planck areas. (The Planck length, about 10(33) centimeter, is the fundamental length scale related to gravity and quantum mechanics. The Planck area is its square.) https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

VOLUME VS SURFACE AREA. “Remarkably, though, the theoretical ultimate information capacity of the space occupied by the heap increases only with the surface area. Because volume increases more rapidly than surface area, at some point the entropy of all the chips would exceed the holographic bound.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

HISTORY. “In 1986 Rafael D. Sorkin of Syracuse University exploited the horizon's role in barring information inside the black hole from influencing affairs outside to show that the GSL (or something very similar to it) must be valid for any conceivable process that black holes undergo. His deep argument makes it clear that the entropy entering the GSL is that calculated down to level X, whatever that level may be.” (GSL = generalized second law). https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

INFO AND ENTROPY. “Imagine that we are piling up computer memory chips in a big heap. The number of transistors--the total data storage capacity--increases with the volume of the heap. So, too, does the total thermodynamic entropy of all the chips.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

THE SOLUTION. “The Christodoulou-Hawking theorem fails in the face of this phenomenon (the mass of the black hole, and therefore its horizon area, decreases), but the GSL copes with it: the entropy of the emergent radiation more than compensates for the decrement in black hole entropy, so the GSL is preserved.” (GSL = generalized second law). https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

SURPRISING CLUE. “But it is another aspect of the holographic bound that is truly astonishing. Namely, that the maximum possible entropy depends on the boundary area instead of the volume.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn