Month: September 2022

NEUTRAL VARIATION. "There appear to be many ways that phenotypes are buffered from perturbation by genotypic and environmental variation (2 ± 4) and, in fact, selectively neutral genetic variation is widespread." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

MASKING EFFECT. "Genetic buffering mechanisms modify this relationship by concealing the effects of genetic and environmental variation on phenotype. Genetic buffering allows the build-up and storage of genetic variation in phenotypically normal populations." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

RATE LIMITING STEP. "As natural selection is rate limited by the amount of heritable phenotypic variation expressed in populations, genetic buffering mechanisms modulate evolution by controlling the amount of phenotypic variation that can be expressed. Genetic buffering therefore reduces evolvability and promotes evolutionary stasis." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

OLD THINK. "The powerful one gene, one enzyme, one function hypothesis developed into the prevalent notion that genes can be understood in isolation, are endowed with particular characteristics of dominance or recessiveness, and produce discrete and unambiguous effects on phenotype." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

NEW THINK. "An unavoidable reality of current genetic research is that even apparently critical components of important and highly conserved pathways, governing what are known to be essential processes, can be disrupted in some strain backgrounds with what seem to be minimal phenotypic consequences." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

AMALGAMATED VIEW. "A more realistic picture of genetic networks will emerge from combining the perspectives of molecular and developmental genetics with those of population and evolutionary genetics." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

BUFFERING. "When buffering breaks down, thresholds governing the expression of previously silent variation are crossed. At these thresholds, phenotypic differences suddenly appear and are available for selection. Thus, buffering mechanisms modulate evolution and regulate a balance between evolutionary stasis and change." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

THE NEW PARADIGM. "As of today, predominant thinking in biology research is that multiple genes interact with multiple environmental variables (such as abiotic factors, culture, or symbionts) to produce the phenotype." https://lnkd.in/d3vzXnd View in LinkedIn

GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE (GP). "Often, the problem of linking genotypes and phenotypes is framed in terms of genotype and phenotype maps, and such graphical representations implicitly bring us away from the differential view of GP relationships." https://lnkd.in/d3vzXnd View in LinkedIn

"THE DIFFERENTIAL VIEW of GP relationships is a useful explanatory framework in the context of pervasive pleiotropy, epistasis, and environmental effects." (GP = genotype-phenotype relationship). https://lnkd.in/d3vzXnd View in LinkedIn