Month: September 2022

UNIQUE ASSET. “The facial display (or facial expression) repertoire of humans is also greater than other primates. Clearly, mounting evidence in morphology, physiology, neurobiology, and behavior indicates that the human face is uniquely mobile in generating facial displays.” https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

HUMAN FACIAL REPERTOIRE. “Our understanding of the factors that account for this enhanced mobility remains incomplete. Differences between humans and other primates in mimetic muscle morphology, physiology, and neurobiology may not, by themselves, hold the ultimate answer.” https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

NUTS AND BOLTS. “The anatomy of the human mid-face can be conceptualized as five basic tissue layers: (1) skin, (2) subcutaneous adipose, (3) musculoaponeurotic, (4) loose areolar tissue and retaining ligaments, and (5) deep fascia including periosteum.” https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

HUMAN MID-FACE. “These five layers are concentric and continuous, covering the entire face and scalp, but with variable expression of each layer according to the function of the particular region.” https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

TISSUE CONNECTIONS. “SMAS (the superficial musculo-aponeurotic system), a connective tissue layer enclosing the mimetic musculature located between the skin and deep fascia/periosteum.” https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

TENDON SURROGATE. “The SMAS functions like a tendon system for the mimetic muscles. Most skeletal muscles have connective tissue tendons that attach to bony landmarks and these tendons transmit muscle contractile force to the bone to produce movement. The SMAS acts as “tendons” for the mimetic muscles which function to produce movement of the soft-tissue face, notably during facial displays or facial expressions.” (SMAS = the superficial musculo-aponeurotic system). https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED. “Mimetic musculature is phylogenetically conserved among Primates.” https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

DAY HABITS. “The increased facial mobility, facial display repertoire size, and increased frequency of facial displays in anthropoids may be partially linked to the move away from nocturnal sensory systems, specifically face touch via vibrissae.” https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

MORE THAN MUSCLE. “In humans, the presence of a more defined SMAS layer and the thicker layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue allow for a distributed soft, gentle, and more expressive facial movement such that even small, subtle facial movement functions as cues for expression, mood, communication, etc.” (SMAS = the superficial musculo-aponeurotic system). https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

VISUAL CUES. “The softer contours of the fibro-fatty human face (SMAS is necessary for providing structure to facial fat) are involved in “beauty” and “attractiveness,” which are of particular importance in a species that is attracted to a mate more by appearance and less by scent than other species.” (SMAS = the superficial musculo-aponeurotic system). https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn