Month: September 2022

MULTILEVEL REVERSAL. "Dedifferentiation is a process by which cells develop in reverse, from a more differentiated to a less differentiated state. The phenomenon can be observed at the levels of gene, protein, morphology, and function." http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/8/655.full View in LinkedIn

GENE REPRESSION AND ACTIVATION. "During the dedifferentiation process, development-related gene activity is repressed, and genes that keep the cell in the undifferentiated state are activated." https://lnkd.in/gxtx9hi View in LinkedIn

UP AND DOWN PROTEIN REGULATION. "Dedifferentiation can also be observed at the protein level, as evidenced by the up-regulation of progenitor cell–related proteins and the down-regulation of differentiated cell–related proteins." http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/8/655.full View in LinkedIn

ACROSS TAXA. "Dedifferentiation can be observed in different tissues and organs of plants, invertebrates, amphibians, and animals, including humans." https://lnkd.in/gxtx9hi View in LinkedIn

TRANSDIFFERENTIATION. "There is now much evidence demonstrating the remarkable ability of some differentiated cells to convert into a completely different phenotype. The conversion of one cellular phenotype to another is referred to as transdifferentiation." http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/8/655.full View in LinkedIn

LIMBS, EYES, NERVES. "The most commonly accepted examples of transdifferentiation are limb regeneration in amphibia, and the conversion of pigment epithelia into lens and neural retinal cells. Other instances of transdifferentiation include the conversion of pancreatic cells to hepatocytes and of vascular endothelium to smooth muscle." https://lnkd.in/gxtx9hi View in LinkedIn

"EYE OF NEWT, and toe of frog," "Wool of bat, and tongue of dog," "Adder's fork, and blind-worm's sting," "Lizard's leg, and howlet's wing”" "(Macbeth (IV, i, 14-15) https://lnkd.in/d43WUGY View in LinkedIn

"STEM CELLS have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. In addition, in many tissues they serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell." https://lnkd.in/duHg-aW View in LinkedIn

STEM CELL REGENERATION. "Early evidence that stem cells exist in the somatic tissues of animals arose from observations of the regeneration of entire organisms, including the head, from small sections of the Hydra soma.” https://muse.jhu.edu/article/53800/summary View in LinkedIn

UNIVERSAL AND VARIED. "Repair and regeneration are universal phenomena in the biological world, but the capacity for regeneration varies considerably among species." http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/8/655.full View in LinkedIn