Month: September 2022

OVULE DEVELOPMENT. "Events within individual ovules of the female carpel follow a similar pattern, with the megaspore mother cell and the one functional meiotic product requiring the presence of a normal nucellar layer for correct development. Once the cells of the embryo sac are formed, their correct positioning, division, and specification results from a complex interplay involving hormone gradients and interactions between the egg and other cells of the embryo sac." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

EGG AND EMBRYO SAC CELL INTERACTIONS. "Here, as in the pollen, there is evidence that gametophytic central cell acts as a companion cell to the egg, first within the gametophyte and subsequently after fertilization, where it gives rise to the endosperm." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

TWO-WAY DIALOGUE. "That helper cells exert control over the reproductive cell line development is not surprising; however, evidence is accumulating that germ cells themselves regulate development of their helper populations in a complex two-way conversation, extending from the beginnings of the reproductive cell lineage in the sporophyte to the maturation of the gametes within the gametophyte." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

DRASTIC CHANGE OF FUNCTION. "After the transition of the apex from vegetative to reproductive growth, reproductive cell lines of flowering plants are initiated in sex-specific lateral organs, the stamens and carpels." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC INTERACTIONS. "Both male and female reproductive cell lineages undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores that divide to form gametophytes, and a large number of genes have been identified regulating meiosis in Arabidopsis, many of them homologs of yeast meiotic genes. The principal interactions currently known to take place between the soma and germ cells at this time are, however, epigenetic." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

PARASITIC TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT "silencing and/or the establishment of a specific heterochromatin state may thus be essential for meiotic progression in multicellular eukaryotes and perhaps determine whether cells follow a sexual or apomictic developmental pathway." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

DIVERGENT DESTINIES. "Postmeiosis male and female developmental pathways diverge significantly, with events in the ovule being driven principally by hormone gradients and pollen development requiring defined phases of tapetal activity" as well as soma-germline continued collaboration. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING. "Communication between cells of both male and female gametophytes is also apparently important for preserving the integrity of gametic chromosomes by reinforcing the silencing of transposable elements in sperm and egg nuclei." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETICS AND TRANSPOSONS. "The hypothesis that transposable elements activated in the vegetative cell generate mobile siRNA that reinforces the methylation and silencing of cognate sperm transposable elements. This hypothesis is consistent with the known ability of small RNAs to move between plant cells." (siRNA = small interfering RNAs or silencing RNAs). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

Carry the cost: plastic bag levy 'to rise to 10p – with no shop spared' https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/aug/24/carry-the-cost-plastic-ban-levy-to-rise-to-10p-with-no-shop-spared?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn