Month: September 2022

DOMAIN TRACED GENES. "Viruses are trifurcated into eukaryotic, archaeal and bacterial categories. This domain-specific ecology underscores why eukaryotic genes are typically co-opted by eukaryotic viruses and bacterial genes are commonly found in bacteriophages." https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

HOST GENE INTEGRATION. "Bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages (phages), integrate genetic material from their bacterial hosts, including toxin, photosynthesis and pigment biosynthesis genes that contribute to the fitness of their bacterial host. To date, however, there is no archetypal case of phage particles harbouring genomes with eukaryotic DNA." https://lnkd.in/dG3vir9 View in LinkedIn

HOST WITHIN A HOST. "While all viruses are specific to one of the three domains of life, some bacteriophages target obligate intracellular bacteria of eukaryotic cells." https://lnkd.in/dG3vir9 View in LinkedIn

WOLBACHIA HOST WITHIN A HOST. "For instance, phage WO infects the obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacteria Wolbachia, which in turn infect an estimated 40% of the most speciose group of animals worldwide—arthropods (as well as filarial nematodes." (Phage WO is the name of a type of bacteriophage). https://lnkd.in/dG3vir9 View in LinkedIn

WOLBACHIA RIDDLED WITH PHAGE WO. "Nearly all sequenced Wolbachia genomes, with the exception of those acting as obligate mutualists, harbour prophage WO." https://lnkd.in/dG3vir9 View in LinkedIn

PHAGE STRUCTURAL MODULES. "The prophage WO encode conserved structural modules (for example, head, tail and baseplate)." https://lnkd.in/dG3vir9 View in LinkedIn

LYTIC PHASE. "Electron microscopy and quantitative analyses indicate that prophages undergo a lytic phase capable of rupturing bacterial and eukaryotic cell membranes, and phage WO occurs in the extracellular matrix of arthropod gonads." https://lnkd.in/dG3vir9 View in LinkedIn

TWO DOMAINS. "Therefore, phage WO appears to uniquely contend with the cellular exit, entry and defence mechanisms of two separate domains of life", namely the bacteria Wolbachia and the eukaryotic arthropod host. https://lnkd.in/dG3vir9 View in LinkedIn

THE HYPOTHESIS. "The presence of bacteriophages in symbiotic bacteria that obligately reside in eukaryotes may promote eukaryotic DNA transfers to bacteriophages." https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

WOLBACHIA BACTERIA. "Wolbachia species are members of the obligate intracellular Rickettsiales and forge parasitic relationships with arthropods and mutualistic relationships primarily with nematodes." https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn