Month: September 2022

SELECTION PRESSURE. "The proposed advantage of increased parasite clone intermixture may be a novel selection pressure favouring the maintenance of complex life cycles." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00895.x/full View in LinkedIn

DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY. "We hypothesize that a diversity of phenotypes arranged in developmental sequence throughout an animal's life cycle may have evolved by genetic assimilation of alternative phenotypes originally triggered by environmental cues." http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1540/631.short View in LinkedIn

PHENOTYPIC CONVERGENCE. "If a complex life cycle presents a number of alternative phenotypes (through divergent developmental pathways), this implies that at some point, distinct alternative developmental routes must converge towards the same phenotype." http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1540/631.short View in LinkedIn

CONVERGENCE EXAMPLE. "For example, tunicates such as the colonial sea squirts (Botryllus spp.) can reproduce both sexually, through egg fertilization followed by embryonic and larval development, and asexually, from a bud, and without intervening larvae: the full-grown animals are nevertheless very similar in gross anatomy and in many details of structure." http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1540/631.short View in LinkedIn

DIVERGENT LARVAE. "Poecilogony, a rare phenomenon in marine invertebrates, occurs when alternative larval morphs differing in dispersal potential or trophic mode are produced from a single genome." https://lnkd.in/dVRyG9n View in LinkedIn

WIDESPREAD PEOCILOGONY. "In other metazoans, alternative forms of larvae or juveniles eventually give rise to identical adults. This phenomenon of developmental plasticity, known as poecilogony, has been recorded from insects, nematodes, polychaetes, opisthobranch gastropods and amphibians." http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1540/631.short View in LinkedIn

BILARVAL SPECIES. "In some spionid polychaetes, both planktotrophic and lecithotrophic larvae may occur in a single species, and in the marine gastropod Haminaea callidegenita, both veliger larvae and ‘post-larval’ juveniles are produced from the same egg mass. In another marine gastropod, Alderia modesta, the siblings are sometimes all planktotrophic, or all lecitotrophic, but sometimes both." http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1540/631.short View in LinkedIn

OLD COMPLEX LIFESTYLE HYPOTHESES. "Traditional interpretations of the origin and evolution of complex life cycles have been dominated by two contrasting scenarios, the recapitulationist and the intercalary, traditionally associated with the names of Ernst Haeckel and Walter Garstang, respectively." http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1540/631.short View in LinkedIn

INADEQUACIES OF OLD IDEAS. "The more recent analyses of Hall (1998) and Minelli (2009), has demonstrated how inadequately either hypothesis represents the diversity of evolutionary changes in the ontogenies of different metazoan lineages." http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1540/631.short View in LinkedIn

NEW PERSPECTIVE. "It is more profitable to consider developmental instars and metamorphoses in terms of their adaptive value." http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1540/631.short View in LinkedIn