Month: September 2022

GENE DUPLICATION IN METABOLIC EVOLUTION. "Most eukaryotic genomes have undergone whole genome duplications during their evolutionary history. Recent studies have shown that the function of these duplicated genes can diverge from the ancestral gene via neo- or sub-functionalization within single genotypes." https://lnkd.in/deyMTHD View in LinkedIn

SMALLER TANDEM DUPLICATIONS. "In addition to whole genome events, small local events can generate tandem duplicated genes which are often considered younger than segmental duplicated genes obtained from a whole genome duplication." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

TANDEM VERSUS SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS. Tandems duplications are small and younger local events, segmental duplications are large and older events. View in LinkedIn

GENE FATES. "An additional possibility is that gene duplicates may also undergo partitioning of function among different genotypes of a species leading to genetic differentiation. Finally, the ability of gene duplicates to diverge may be limited by their biological function." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

DUPLICATION OPTIONS. "Following either tandem or segmental duplication events, one of the duplicated genes can be rendered non-functional via the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Alternatively, both duplicated genes can be maintained if the presence of both copies is advantageous. Over time, the function of these duplicated genes can diverge from the ancestral gene or from each other." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

NEW FUNCTIONS. "This divergence can occur via sub-functionalization such that the duplicate copies obtain differential expression patterns in terms of tissue specificity or stress response. Alternatively, one of the duplicates can obtain a novel function, a process known as neo-functionalization. In a number of species, recent work has associated gene duplication with divergent gene expression patterns in response to developmental or abiotic stress cues." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

DIVERGENCE OF DUPLICATES. "Gene duplication has been associated with enabling neo- and sub-functionalization whereby duplicate genes may diverge." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

GENERATION OF VARIATION. "Gene duplication may also allow partitioning of function among genotypes within a species, leading to genetic differentiation/intraspecific variation. This process is contingent upon genetic neo-functionalization and would suggest that duplicated genes should show higher levels of intraspecific variation in gene expression than “unique” genes." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

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METABOLIC VARIATION. "Gene duplication is thought to provide much of the genetic material allowing plants to generate a vast diversity of metabolites." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn