Month: September 2022

OPEN COMMUNICATION CHANNELS. "Although animals and bacteria have different forms and lifestyles, they recognize one another and communicate in part because, as described above, their genomic “dictionaries” share a common and deep evolutionary ancestry." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

GUT MICROBIOME. "Microbial communities in the vertebrate gut respond to the host diet over both daily and evolutionary time scales, endowing animals with the flexibility to digest a wide variety of biomolecules and cope with and even flourish under conditions of diet change." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER IN GUT. "The gut microbiome adapts to changing diets and conditions not only by shifting community membership but also by changing gene content via horizontal gene transfer." https://lnkd.in/dbY8TYa View in LinkedIn

VERY HIGH GENE EXCHANGE IN GUT. "Human-associated bacteria have a 25-fold higher rate of gene transfer than do bacteria in other environments, highlighting the important role of gene transfer in host-associated bacterial communities." https://lnkd.in/dbY8TYa View in LinkedIn

VERY HIGH GENE EXCHANGE IN GUT. "Human-associated bacteria have a 25-fold higher rate of gene transfer than do bacteria in other environments, highlighting the important role of gene transfer in host-associated bacterial communities." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

ONE THIRD IS MICROBIAL. "As much as a third of an animal’s metabolome—i.e., the diversity of molecules carried in its blood—has a microbial origin." https://lnkd.in/dbY8TYa View in LinkedIn

SELF AND NON-SELF. "From their earliest stages of development, animals use sophisticated mechanisms to manage their microbial environment. Physical barriers, such as capsules, chorions, and mucus, protect eggs by excluding microbes, and chemical barriers, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), shape the composition of the associated microbiota." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

SYMBIOTIC PROBIOTICS IN SHRIMP. "Several animals recruit specific bacteria to their embryonic surfaces to provide protection against potential pathogens. For example, the shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus is protected from the fungus Lagenidium callinectes by 2,3-indolinedione that is produced by an Alteromonas sp. on the embryo’s surface." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION. "Many animals, including a wide variety of insects, have transovarial (i.e., via the egg to the embryo) transmission of bacterial partners. Whereas developmentally important symbioses have been documented throughout the postembryonic (larval and juvenile) stages of vertebrate and arthropod life cycles, the roles of symbiotic microbes during normal embryonic development are just beginning to be studied." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

INHERITED BACTERIA. "Unlike vertebrates whose embryos develop inside enclosures that physically block bacterial associations, many invertebrates acquire their symbionts through the female germ line." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn