linkedin post 2019-09-22 05:16:39

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MILIEU INTÉRIEUR. "Ample evidence shows that microbes act directly as agents of postembryonic development. For example, fucosyltransferases decorate the surface of the embryonic mammalian intestine with fucose residues that provide a nutrient source for gut microbes, including B. thetaiotaomicron, as they colonize the newborn." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-09-22 05:19:23

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SHARED PRODUCTS. "The products of horizontally acquired microbes can be essential for a range of developmental functions, including influences on larval growth rate and body size in invertebrates, postembryonic maturation and renewal of epithelia in invertebrates and vertebrates, development and specification of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues in vertebrates, activation of the immune system in tsetse flies, and normal brain development in mammals." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-09-22 05:22:44

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LIFE CYCLE TRIGGERS. "Perhaps the most pervasive example of microbial signaling in animal development is the induction of settlement and metamorphosis of many marine invertebrate larvae. This transition is an absolute requirement for completion of the animal’s life cycle and is contingent on induction by exogenous morphogenetic cues, many of which are produced by bacteria associated with a particular environmental surface." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-09-22 05:28:27

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SO ENDS this consideration of the interaction of microbial entities with other creatures during development. A sea change has occurred in recent years where this is now widely acknowledged, and the story is just beginning to unfold. The interconnectedness and deep symbiotic relations between diverse phyla across vast periods of time is becoming very clear. View in LinkedIn
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