SIMPLIFIED. “The concept of genes as a symbolic representation of an organism—a code script—is not the whole story.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn
ALTERNATIVE FORMS. “Discoveries about viruses, most of which do not use DNA but rather RNA as a code script, also highlight the non-centrality of DNA-based code script for living agents.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn
NEW VIEW. “Agency, context, meaning, interpretation and behaviour are features of biological organization that can be independent of the DNA-based code script. In living organisms, these cognitive features feed back, in a top-to-bottom manner, into the DNA sequences.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn
“ARTIFICIAL LIFE (“Alife”) researchers have studied self-replicators in computer environments since 1979, and the first autonomously mutating self-replicating computer programs were introduced by Ray in 1992.” https://lnkd.in/dGC6A7c View in LinkedIn
COMPUTER VIRUSES. “None of these characteristics came from the viruses themselves. Rather, each change and addition to the virus behavior has been wrought by an outside agency: the programmer.” (Reference to camouflage, territorial behavior, predatory behavior, and speciation in computer viruses). https://books.google.com/books?id=qErpoKjc1h4C&pg=PA261&lpg=PA261&dq=computer+virus+metabolism&source=bl&ots=NWmF_p3xqj&sig=XEfXy2VQZdbYQgBJSndUVHbkDSI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi51qLC35fLAhUBcj4KHQW-B9AQ6AEIFzAE View in LinkedIn
ARTIFICIAL EVOLUTION. “Human-induced characteristics of computer viruses are not terribly interesting. However, computer viruses that do mutate without human input are an entirely different story. This is the artificial life. Autonomously mutating computer code is subject to artificial evolution, and can potentially evolve very quickly.” https://lnkd.in/dhEdXSq View in LinkedIn
SPONTANEOUS MUTATION. “What if, instead, malware were able to change its function or behavior autonomously? What if, in the absence of human intervention, computer viruses resembled biological viruses in their ability to adapt to new defense technologies as soon as they came into effect?” http://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.2503 View in LinkedIn
“FIFTH generation viruses are self-mutating viruses. They infect other systems with modified versions of themselves.” https://lnkd.in/dEVUYUW View in LinkedIn
1ST TYPE of self-mutating computer virus: "Polymorphic viruses are capable of changing its encryption key and generating new instances of their decryption routines with simple obfuscation transformations, such as nop-insertion, code transposition and register reassignment.” https://lnkd.in/dEVUYUW View in LinkedIn
2ND TYPE of self-mutating virus: “Metamorphic viruses do not have a decryption routine or a constant virus body, but are able to create new versions that look different by using more complex obfuscation techniques." The most advanced type. https://lnkd.in/dEVUYUW View in LinkedIn