Month: September 2022

PLASMA SHEET. “Because the reconnection region is limited in the cross-tail direction, the flow shear between the fast outflow from the reconnection region and the ambient Earthward plasma flow within the plasma sheet creates a pair of field-aligned current sheets, where the current flows to the ionosphere at the eastern edge of the reconnection region and out from the ionosphere at the western edge.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

AURORAS. “On ground, magnetospheric substorms are seen as disturbances in the geomagnetic field caused by the field-aligned current systems and auroral electrojet currents in the ionosphere. Energetic electrons precipitating into the ionosphere and colliding with the atmospheric constituents create bright auroral displays in the night sector auroral region.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

GIANT FLUX. “Magnetic reconnection in the tail leads to formation of a plasma structure where the field lines are no longer connected to the Earth. This plasmoid is accelerated tailward and ejects a large portion of the plasma sheet plasma, magnetic flux, and energy back to the solar wind.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

ENERGY GYRES. “It is estimated that about half of the energy that enters via the dayside reconnection process is processed in the inner magnetosphere and ionosphere, while the other half is carried by the plasmoid(s) back to the solar wind.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MAGNETIC STORMS. “Magnetospheric substorms require a period of enhanced energy input (southward interplanetary field) from 30 minutes to 1 hour. If the energy input continues significantly longer (≥3 h), a magnetic storm develops.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

SOLAR WIND. “As it takes several hours of southward interplanetary field and/or high solar wind speed to create a magnetic storm, they often follow from the interaction of a fast solar wind stream, an interplanetary magnetic cloud, an ICME, or other coherent solar wind structure.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

“MAGNETIC STORMS typically last from about 12 hours to a few days. Storms are characterized by the formation of an intense ring current encircling the Earth with current peak at about 4 RE, i.e., well inside the geostationary orbit.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn