Month: September 2022

DRIVER OF MAGNETIC STORMS. “The ring current is populated both by efficient convection and injection of plasma sheet particles into the inner region and by strongly enhanced ion outflow from the ionosphere. At times, the ionospheric outflow can be strong enough for the ionospheric oxygen to dominate the energy density in the ring current.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MASSIVE EVENTS. “Storms as largest magnetospheric disturbances are associated with many of the space weather phenomena.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

SUBSTORMS. “While substorms can occur without magnetic storms, almost all storms include also substorm activity. The interaction of the inner magnetosphere storm-associated processes with the magnetotail substorm-associated processes is highly complex, and presently under active study.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

UNCERTAINTIES. “It is debated whether the substorm-associated magnetic field variations and the associated (inductive) electric fields are necessary for the buildup of the ring current energy density.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

DYNAMIC STATES. “The magnetospheric substorms and storms are the most commonly occurring responses to enhanced solar wind driving, but the magnetosphere can enter into a variety of other dynamic states.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

THE SOLAR SHORE. “Steady convection intervals are periods of steadily southward IMF and steady, relatively slow solar wind flow that drive continuous, low-level auroral activity without evident substorm expansion phase activity.” (IMF= interplanetary magnetic field). https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

PERIODICITY. “On the other hand, stronger levels of driving may lead to sawtooth oscillations, which are large-scale substorms associated with strong, longitudinally extended, quasi-simultaneous injections at geostationary orbit recurring every 2–3 h.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

“MAGNETIC STORMS include, in addition to strong substorm activity, also other kinds of strong activity, field-aligned currents, and inner magnetosphere disturbances.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn