Month: September 2022

STRATOSPHERIC ORGANISMS. “Aerobiological studies have also shown the existence of active and dormant forms of bacterial and fungal spores in the stratosphere, for example, Micrococcus luteum, Mycobacterium albus, Circinella muscae, Aspergillus niger, Papulaspora anomala, Penicillium notatum; Bacillus simplex, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Engyodontium album; Deinococcus aetherius; and Bacillus isronensis.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

SPACE SURVIVAL CONFIRMATIONS. “From the time of the first orbiting satellites to modern projects experiments in open space have shown extraordinary, possibly months-long resilience and survival of different taxonomic groups in the damaging radiation of near space.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

TWO YEAR MINIMAL SPACE SURVIVAL. “Results of these experiments confirmed the possibility of organisms preserving viability in the open space for a minimum of two years, and this gave rise to an interest in the question of living organisms being transferred from the stratosphere to the near-Earth space.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

FIRST HYPOTHESIS. “We might conjecture that viable forms or at least intact DNA can be transferred to the ISS orbit with the ascending branch of the global electric circuit (GEC).” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

SECOND HYPOTHESIS. “In this paper samples of space dust from the exterior surface of the ISS were subjected to PCR analysis followed by sequencing of the PCR products. The results obtained indicate the possibility of a mass transfer of the sea bacterial plankton (or its fragments) to the ISS orbit. Alternatively, the transfer of biological material from space to ISS and thence to the ground may be supposed.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

TRANSPORT MECHANISM. “The discovery in the present study of the DNA of the marine and terrestrial bacteria on the surface of the ISS requires an explanation of the transport mechanisms allowing living matter to reach a height of more than 400 km.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

CORRECT CONTAMINATION CONTROLS. “The composition of DNA of detected biomaterial excludes single accidental contamination of terrestrial origin. Furthermore, sampling and processing procedures that were used reduced the likelihood of contamination to a minimum. The absence of contamination is supported by clean negative controls, which are very important when using molecular techniques.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this first of two weekends on a spectacular Russian paper on finding intact organisms outside the ISS space station, and their five year investigation of the topic, with careful controls. This builds on many reports of experimental organism survival in outer space, including lichens and tardigrades. Humanity has been willfully blind about the possibility of extraterrestrial life, and has spent a pitiful amount of money and effort investigating this topic, possibly out of fear of causing public unrest. View in LinkedIn

Seasonal goodies at their best! View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE. Due to a computer malfunction, this second part of the weekend cone shell patterning fragment from a week ago was not available, so it will be inserted here to complete the series. View in LinkedIn