Month: September 2022

INNER MAGNETOSPHERE. “The quasi-dipolar inner magnetosphere extending roughly out to geostationary distance has a variable field structure caused by the competing effects of the internal dipole field, magnetotail current sheet, dayside magnetopause currents, and the ring current within the region itself.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

INNER PLASMA POPULATIONS. “The inner magnetosphere hosts multiple plasma populations: the hot ion ring current in the tens to hundreds of keV energy range, the outer van Allen belt electrons with energies from 100 keV up to several MeV, and the cold plasmaspheric plasma (from a few eV to few hundred eV) originating from the ionosphere. Recent research results have emphasized how effectively all these seemingly distinct populations and their dynamics are coupled together.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

HAZARDOUS ELECTRONS. “Relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere are a major hazard for Earth-orbiting spacecraft, and therefore prediction of the electron fluxes especially at geostationary orbit is one of the key targets for space weather applications.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

“MAGNETIC STORMS and substorms affect the electromagnetic field configuration in the inner magnetosphere over time scales of minutes to hours and days. During substorms, the intense current sheet can stretch the quasi-dipolar field lines at geostationary orbit to highly taillike ones, which together with the enhancing electric field causes significant changes in particle drift paths and allows for penetration of the plasma sheet plasma deep inside the inner magnetosphere.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

LONGER MAGNETIC STORMS. “In the same way, the strong ring current causes stretching of the magnetic field during magnetic storms, but in this case the changes occur over time scales of days rather than hours. Substorm activity during magnetic storms causes quasiperiodic stretching-dipolarization cycles embedded within the longer-term ring current-associated changes.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MODELS. “There are a number of large-scale magnetospheric magnetic field models that give the field configuration as a function of either solar wind conditions or magnetospheric activity parameters.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

COSMIC BLANKET. “The plasmasphere encircling the Earth is formed by cold ionospheric plasma flowing outward along magnetic field lines. At low latitudes, close to the Earth, magnetic flux tubes follow drift paths that co-rotate with the Earth and therefore are filled with escaping ionospheric plasma in time scales of several days.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

PLASMAPAUSE. “The location of the outer boundary of the plasmasphere, the plasmapause, is controlled by the relative intensities of the solar wind-imposed electric field and the co-rotation electric field. Although roughly circular in shape, the plasmapause often shows an elongation in the duskside, following the general electric field pattern.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn