Month: September 2022

LAB CONDENSATES. “To make a Bose-Einstein condensate, you start with a cloud of diffuse gas. Many experiments start with atoms of rubidium. Then you cool it with lasers, using the beams to take energy away from the atoms. After that, to cool them further, scientists use evaporative cooling.” https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

5TH STATE OF MATTER. “With a Bose-Einstein condensate, you start from a disordered state, where kinetic energy is greater than potential energy. You cool it down, but it doesn't form a lattice like a solid.” https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

ULTRA-COLD MATTER. “Instead, the atoms fall into the same quantum states, and can't be distinguished from one another. At that point the atoms start obeying what are called Bose-Einstein statistics, which are usually applied to particles you can't tell apart, such as photons.” (Some planets are ultra-cold) https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

CONDENSATE DROPLETS. “This brief review summarizes recent theoretical and experimental results which predict and establish the existence of quantum droplets (QDs), i.e., robust two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) self-trapped states in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), which are stabilized by effective self-repulsion induced by quantum fluctuations around the mean-field (MF) states.” https://lnkd.in/g78xpDpU View in LinkedIn

MEGAMASER. When galaxies merge, they become extremely dense, and hydroxyl molecules produce a specific radio signal known as a maser in radio waves, and when that signal is very bright it is called a megamaser. A megamaser nicknamed Nkalakatha (a Zulu word that means big boss) has been detected 58 thousand billion billion kms from Earth, so the time that the light took to arrive could be greater than the age of the solar system. https://lnkd.in/ginnG4-u View in LinkedIn

If you look closely at this old bank near Girona, you will see the remains of an ancient stone wall that nature has reclaimed, just as the jungle reclaimed entire Mayan cities. View in LinkedIn

MAGNETIC MULTIPOLES. “The multipole formulation has proven to be a very fruitful as well as foundational concept in physics.” https://lnkd.in/eQBMcYEJ View in LinkedIn

CHARGES OF MATTER. “More than a century ago the single electron was discovered to have a unique monopole charge. Diatomic molecules became classified after their electric dipole moment. The possible existence of the Dirac magnetic monopole would have fundamental consequences) and has been much discussed.” https://journals.jps.jp/doi/full/10.7566/JPSJ.87.041008 View in LinkedIn

WIDE APPLICATIONS. “The multipole description has subsequently become used in many branches of physics, including nuclear physics) and solid state physics.” https://journals.jps.jp/doi/full/10.7566/JPSJ.87.041008 View in LinkedIn

ASTROPHYSICS. “Condensed matter systems display a richness of physical phenomena, such as, e.g., strongly correlated electron behavior, complex magnetic orders, orbital order, unusual forms of superconductivity and quantum critical behavior.” https://journals.jps.jp/doi/full/10.7566/JPSJ.87.041008 View in LinkedIn