Month: September 2022

STRONGER THAN COCAINE. "When heavily dependent users of cocaine are asked to compare the urge to take cocaine with the urge to smoke cigarettes, about 45 percent say the urge to smoke is as strong or stronger than that for cocaine." https://lnkd.in/dTpG4wq View in LinkedIn

AS STRONG AS HEROIN OR ALCOHOL. "Among heroin addicts, about 38 percent rank the urge to smoke as equal to or stronger than the urge to take heroin. Among those addicted to alcohol, about 50 percent say the urge to smoke is at least as strong as the urge to drink." https://lnkd.in/dTpG4wq View in LinkedIn

ENGINEERED ADDICTION. "Tobacco industry documents indicate the companies precisely control the delivery and amount of nicotine to create and sustain addiction." Create and sustain addiction. " "2014_06_19_DesignedforAddiction_web.pdf View in LinkedIn

CRACK NICOTINE. "Some cigarettes have a "kick" containing 35 times more "freebase" nicotine - the most addictive form - than others ... The findings could help rate the addictiveness of different brands." https://lnkd.in/d9E4Jw4 View in LinkedIn

CRACK NICOTINE. "Previous research has shown that a drug's addictiveness is influenced by the speed at which it is delivered to the brain and absorbed into and from the blood stream. The study shows that the modern cigarette does to nicotine what crack does to cocaine." https://lnkd.in/d9E4Jw4 View in LinkedIn

ENHANCED NICOTINE KINETICS. "The amount of freebase nicotine in cigarette smoke increases as the alkalinity, or pH, increases. This factor can be influenced by the use of certain additives. "It is likely that ingredients such as ammonia and urea account for this addiction-enhancing effect. But you can also adjust the chemistry of the smoke by adjusting the blend." https://lnkd.in/d9E4Jw4 View in LinkedIn

NICOTINE POTENTIATOR IN ADDITIVES. " Acetaldehyde, which has been studied extensively as a metabolite of ethanol is also present in tobacco smoke in a concentration half that of nicotine. We have previously shown a synergistic interaction of nicotine and acetaldehyde in self-administration in juveniles, which was not observed in adults." http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v32/n9/full/1301327a.html View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT IN NATURE. Continuing the initiative to take a weekly break from a big topic, this one is about seashell form, pattern, genetics, physical properties, and structural color. These small wet creatures fabricate the most diverse and symmetrical shells, manage to paint complex patterns, and iridescent colors, all from within the growing shell. View in LinkedIn

D'ARCY THOMPSON: "The surface of any shell may be generated by the revolution about a fixed axis of a closed curve, which, remaining always geometrically similar to itself, in- creases its dimensions continually." (On Growth and Form). View in LinkedIn

SEASHELL MATHEMATICS. This work has continued with mathematical modeling of seashell patterning, as in this fascinating article. It shows that the humble mollusc is capable of deep mathematics to construct such complex patterns. https://lnkd.in/d5Uy8sJ View in LinkedIn