Month: September 2022

PHASE CHANGES can be exploited because they involve energy, which can be used to do work. Future smart drugs will exploit these properties to deliver the payload based on materials reacting to a specific chemical environment. Just as semiconductors, the heart of modern electronics, are driven by the motions of electrons in crystals changing crystal conductivity properties, so will phase changes be harnessed in the future. View in LinkedIn

REMINDER OF OUR BLISSFUL IGNORANCE. "While dark matter is estimated to comprise 83% of the mass of matter in the universe, most of its properties remain a mystery due to the fact that it neither absorbs nor emits electromagnetic radiation, and there are many competing theories regarding what dark matter is actually made of." https://lnkd.in/dRg72fJ View in LinkedIn

NEW STATES OF MATTER. "Blurring the line between materials and mechanics, it may even result in new states of matter. One possibility are "infoliquids"and "infosolids", materials than straddle the line between solid and liquid, with information encoded into its chemistry." This wild statement sounds like the dreams of alchemists. But wait. https://lnkd.in/d9CztUV View in LinkedIn

"FOUR STATES OF MATTER are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known such as Bose–Einstein condensates and neutron-degenerate matter but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultra cold or ultra dense matter. Other states, such as quark–gluon plasmas, are believed to be possible but remain theoretical for now." Four states? https://lnkd.in/dRg72fJ View in LinkedIn

PLASMA. "Matter at the very high temperatures and pressures which typically occur on the Sun, or during re-entry from space. Under these conditions, the atoms themselves begin to break down; electrons are stripped from their orbit around the nucleus leaving a positively charged ion behind. The resulting mixture of neutral atoms, free electrons, and charged ions is called a plasma. A plasma has some unique qualities that causes scientists to label it a "fourth phase" of matter." http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/state.html View in LinkedIn

PLASMA AS FOURTH PHASE. "A plasma is a fluid, like a liquid or gas, but because of the charged particles present in a plasma, it responds to and generates electro-magnetic forces." http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/state.html View in LinkedIn

BEC. "A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (that is, very near 0 K or −273.15 °C). Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which point macroscopic quantum phenomena become apparent." https://lnkd.in/dxNbPf8 View in LinkedIn

LIQUID CRYSTAL STATE. "Conventionally, scientists think of matter existing in one of three well-defined states of aggregation, namely; solids, liquids, and gases. The dominant feature of the crystalline state is the strong bonding between molecules giving this state of matter an orderly arrangement. Liquid crystals are another state of matter, structurally falling between the solid and the liquid states." https://lnkd.in/dqhSUxY View in LinkedIn

NEW STATES OF MATTER. "There was a time when states of matter were simple: Solid, liquid, gas. Then came plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate, supercritical fluid and more. Now the list has grown by one more, with the unexpected discovery of a new state dubbed “dropletons” that bear some resemblance to liquids but occur under very different circumstances." https://lnkd.in/dR2cJKA View in LinkedIn

DROPLETONS. "Excitons are formed when a photon strikes a material, particularly a semiconductor. If an electron is knocked loose, or excited, it leaves what is termed an “electron hole” behind. Excitons are called quasiparticles because the electrons and holes behave together as if they were a single particle ... two excitons that behave like a molecule." https://lnkd.in/dR2cJKA View in LinkedIn