Month: September 2022

"A MULTILAYER HYDROGEL is fabricated from the stimuli-responsive aminopolysaccharide chitosan by using spatially localized and temporally controlled sequences of electrical signals. By programming the imposed cathodic input signals, chitosan hydrogels with varying layer number and thickness can be fabricated. The inputs of electrical signals induce the formation of hydrogel layers while short interruptions create interfaces between each layer." https://lnkd.in/dDQgYqG View in LinkedIn

ELECTRICAL CODE. "This work demonstrates for the first time that an imposed sequence of electrical inputs can trigger the self-assembly of multilayered hydrogels and thus suggests the broader potential for creating an electrical "code" to generate complex structures in soft matter." https://lnkd.in/dDQgYqG View in LinkedIn

"MOLECULAR SELF-ASSEMBLY involves non-covalent or weak covalent interactions (van der Waals, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen, and coordination bonds." For self-assembly of large objects, forces like gravitational attraction, electromagnetic fields, manetic, capillary and entropic interactions apply, but not to molecular self-assembly." https://lnkd.in/dMdgwXk View in LinkedIn

"MOLECULAR SELF-ASSEMBLY is the spontaneous organization of molecules (or parts of molecules) under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions into structurally well-defined stable arrangements through a number of noncovalent interactions without any human intervention." https://lnkd.in/dyqXZ8k View in LinkedIn

NANO VS BULK MATERIAL PROPERTIES. "Nanomaterials exhibit many unique and often tunable physical, chemical, and tri-bological properties that are nonexistent in their bulk counterparts, which has led to research in the generation of materials with controlled microstructural characteristics." http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Debabrata_Goswami/publication/226257162_Coded_nanoscale_self-assembly/links/0912f50c2c40387b0a000000.pdf View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues this weekend with a look at salt adapted microorganism, and those adapted to high pressure niches. Both habitats are brutal on cell metabolism, and on the very protein components that service the metabolism. Extreme wholescale adaptations of cellular machinery are often necessary. View in LinkedIn

TIP OF THE ICEBERG. "Few hypersaline environments have been carefully surveyed using molecular methods. Recent findings of bacterial and archaeal metabolic activities suggest that these environments harbour diverse communities of microbes, many of which have not been cultured." https://lnkd.in/dQM9KcT View in LinkedIn

HALOPHILES ARE EXTREMOPHILES adapted to high salt niches. Most plants are salt intolerant. "Once inside the cell, salt can cause ionic stresses, largely as Na (and Cl-) inhibit metabolic processes including protein synthesis." But ancient bacteria thrive in these hostile environments. http://www.sebiology.org/publications/Bulletin/July05/salinity.html View in LinkedIn

SUPER-SALTY NICHES. "Another group of extremophiles that have adapted themselves to an extreme environment are the halophiles. These organisms have the ability to grow at very high salt concentrations. In this case, the salt concentrations can be anywhere from 3% to 35%." https://lnkd.in/dFvvrKf View in LinkedIn

OSMOTIC HOSTILITY. "One of the biggest problems faced by halophiles in maintaining homeostasis is the balance of osmotic pressure. Since these organisms are in hypertonic solution, water diffuses out of the cells and into the surrounding environment. Halophile membranes are unique in their composition, just as thermophiles are." https://lnkd.in/dFvvrKf View in LinkedIn