Month: September 2022

SMART BIOMATERIALS. "The discovery of an electromechanical coupling effect in wood dates back to 1950 when Bazhenov reported a piezoelectric response in wood." https://lnkd.in/eKk_wMN View in LinkedIn

SMART BIOMATERIALS. "In 1955, Fukada experimentally verified the piezoelectric coefficients of wood and demonstrated that oriented cellulose crystallites were responsible for the observed shear piezoelectricity." https://lnkd.in/eKk_wMN View in LinkedIn

IONIC SWITCHES. "Ion channels are the macromolecular components of the membranes of nerve and muscle cells responsible for impulse conduction. Embedded into the phospholipid bilayer bounding the cell, these large glycoprotein molecules act as voltage-dependent switches." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

"LIQUID CRYSTAL-LIKE ferroelectric transitions controlled by temperature and electric field were observed in the purple membrane of the bacterium Halobacterium salinarium." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

"FERROELECTRICITY can exist at the molecular and nanoscale, and consequently is an essential property small biological objects, such as molecular components of cells, and membranes such as ion channels, microtubules." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

ASSYMETRICAL BIOCRYSTALS. "Piezoelectricity, a linear coupling between electrical and mechanical properties, is displayed by crystal structures that lack a center of symmetry (non-centrosymmetric)." https://lnkd.in/eKk_wMN View in LinkedIn

ASYMMETRIC CARBONS. "Most biopolymers, such as hair, wool, bone, collagen, DNA, protein, and wood, are naturally oriented and exhibit shear piezoelectricity due to the internal rotation of polar atomic groups associated with asymmetric carbon atoms." https://lnkd.in/eKk_wMN View in LinkedIn

BONE PIEZOELECTRICITY is largely due to collagen fibrils, which are piezoelectric structures in biology. It is thought that bone remodeling and regeneration is due to the interaction of mechanical and electrical forces. https://lnkd.in/eGmfbWS View in LinkedIn

BONE HEALING. "Basic science studies have shown conclusively that electrical stimulation techniques lead to bone cell proliferation." https://lnkd.in/eSBJgFQ View in LinkedIn

ELECTRICAL BONE REPAIR. Stress-generated potentials and bioelectric steady-state potentials exist in bone. By the late 1970s there were over 100 articles on the use of electricity to heal broken bones. As a result, today there are a number of devices in the market, but the lack of large clinical trials means that the clinical results are inconclusive. https://lnkd.in/ecZuy-Q View in LinkedIn