Month: September 2022

BACTERIA AND INFLAMMATION. "Can TNF-alpha expressing taste cells respond to microbial-derived molecules, such as LPS? The results of this study show that TNF-alpha and its mRNA are significantly up-regulated in taste tissues of mice receiving systemic LPS administration." Thus some microbe molecules directly cause an inflammatory reaction in taste cells. https://lnkd.in/erYucpp View in LinkedIn

TASTE CELL MEDIATOR. "These results suggest that TNF-alpha produced by taste cells may function as a physiologic or pathological mediator in immune surveillance and inflammation." https://lnkd.in/erYucpp View in LinkedIn

BACTERIAL MOLECULES, such as bacterially-derived LPS induces inflammation which changes taste cell responses and shortens their lifespan. https://lnkd.in/evfercC View in LinkedIn

INFECTIONS AND TASTE ABNORMALITIES. Patients with viral and bacterial infections often suffer from taste disturbances. Injection of molecules secreted by bacteria and viruses into mice to mimic infections results in altered gene expression in taste bud cells. https://lnkd.in/eBud7xG View in LinkedIn

INTERFERONS AND TASTE. "Host interferons fight against bacterial and viral infections, but can themselves be toxic to the host. Patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease, or those on long-term interferon therapy suffer from taste and smell symptoms." https://lnkd.in/eBud7xG View in LinkedIn

BIOME AND SATIETY. "Microbial by-products can affect functional expression of intestinal nutrient-responsive GPRS and GI hormones, suggesting a role for gut microbiota and its metabolic by-products in modulating satiety." (GPRS = taste receptors). https://lnkd.in/eAHnG_r View in LinkedIn

SWEET TASTE RECEPTORS AND OBESITY. Sweet taste receptors either in the mouth or gut release satiety hormones (PYY, GLP-1, GIP) and these satiety signals are relayed to the brain via the vagus nerve. https://lnkd.in/edDm344 View in LinkedIn

GUT BIOME AND EATING. "These studies demonstrate that the lack of, or changes in, gut microbiota result in vast alterations in intestinal nutrient-sensitive elements that can alter subsequent energy intake. How gut microbiota modulates endocrine functions is still under investigation." https://lnkd.in/eAHnG_r View in LinkedIn

MY BACTERIA MADE ME DO IT. "Together, these studies demonstrate the capacity of the gut microbiota to influence both central and peripheral energy regulating signalling pathways, contributing to the increased energy intake and weight gain." https://lnkd.in/eAHnG_r View in LinkedIn

PATHOLOGY SHIFT. "Microbes in the gastrointestinal tract are under selective pressure to manipulate host eating behavior to increase their fitness, sometimes at the expense of the host." This is true in the case of a shift in balance of the normal gut microbiome or dysbiosis. https://lnkd.in/es44Vig View in LinkedIn