Month: September 2022

"D-AMINO ACIDS in peptides are well known as opioid peptides and neuropeptides. In protein, D-aspartate residues increase during aging." https://lnkd.in/e7QJSwN View in LinkedIn

DIETARY D-AMINO ACIDS. "Food stores are now selling increasing quantities of foods (such as breakfast cereals, baked potatoes, liquid and powdered infant foods, meat substitutes and other supplements) which in some cases contain substantial quantities of D-amino acids, which in turn possess characteristics harmful with respect to digestion and health." https://lnkd.in/eNSAN8h View in LinkedIn

NMDA. "D-aspartate is a major regulator of adult neurogenesis and D-serine acts as a co-agonist of the N-methyl D-aspartate-type glutamine receptor in the brain, which are involved in learning, memory and behavior in mammals." https://lnkd.in/eXp7iyx View in LinkedIn

SUPERFAMILY. "The ionotropic glutamate receptors comprise a related gene superfamily, which consists not only of NMDA, AMPA and kainate receptors but also of a more primitive plant variety of glutamate receptor." https://lnkd.in/etGHsGm View in LinkedIn

SUPERFAMILY. "Eukaryotes used glutamate or some other amino acid as a signalling molecule before they evolved nervous systems." https://lnkd.in/etGHsGm View in LinkedIn

BACTERIAL RELATIVE. "An even more primordial glutamate-gated potassium channel related to eukaryotic glutamate receptors occurs in bacteria. The various branches of the glutamate receptor phylogenetic tree nicely recapitulate the various receptor subtypes and sub-units defined by pharmacology and physiology." https://lnkd.in/etGHsGm View in LinkedIn

"D-SERINE is also the most abundant amino acid in human urine and stimulates the gene expression of uropathogenic Escherichia Coli." https://lnkd.in/eXp7iyx View in LinkedIn

ADVANTAGE. Some uropathogenic E. Coli strains have machinery to metabolize D-serine. "D-serine is excreted at high levels that range between 3 and 40 mg ml-1 relative to other D-amino acids in human and rat urine." https://lnkd.in/eMbE2Rk View in LinkedIn

ADVANTAGE. The uropathogenic E. Coli strain has a competitive growth advantage when metabolizing this amino acid, which is toxic to non pathogenic strains. https://lnkd.in/eMbE2Rk View in LinkedIn

D-SERINE SOURCE. "The source of D-serine in the urine is unknown, but there are at least three possibilities: the diet, microbial production and endogenous L-serine racemization." https://lnkd.in/eMbE2Rk View in LinkedIn