Month: September 2022

CHANGES DUE TO NI MATERIALS: "The phase velocity of a wave is reversed; the Doppler shift of a source relative to a receiver is reversed; Cerenkov radiation emitted by a moving charged particle is in the backward rather than the forward direction; radiation pressure is reversed to become a radiation tension; converging lenses become diverging lenses and vice versa. These are just some of the changes to basic EM phenomena that would result in a NI material." https://lnkd.in/ePVzVDS View in LinkedIn

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. "In this review we have stressed the novelty of EM-MMs and shown the great flexibility that we now have to design materials with the power to control EM radiation. The ‘knobs’ available to control the two components of EM radiation individually form the basis for such versatility and provide significant advantages over, for example, photonic band gap media." https://lnkd.in/ePVzVDS View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT IN NATURE continues this weekend with the ability of plants to detect danger in their immediate environment, take chemical evasive action quickly, and communicate this information to other plants near to them. The ability to be aware of predators, both large and small, is critical for the survival of plants, which are fixed in place for their lifetimes. They expend valuable energy on this key function. View in LinkedIn

PLANT WOUND VOLATILES. "In tomato the volatile chemical methyl-jasmonate (the compound responsible for the smell of jasmine) is produced in response to mechanical wounding or insect feeding. Methyl-jasmonate is important in defence signalling and in stimulating the activity of genes that produce various protective chemicals." https://lnkd.in/e7UQ_sh View in LinkedIn

JASMONATE SIGNALS. The plant hormone jasminate (JA): "recent studies provide evidence that JA mediates systemic wound responses through distinct...pathways. In both pathways, bio active JAs are recognized by an F-box protein based receptor system that couples hormone binding to ubiquitin-dependent degradation of transcriptional repressor genes." https://lnkd.in/e598pEz View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATIVE ANATOMY. In plants, damage signals include jasmonate, "peptide or cell wall-derived oligosaccharide fragments as well as wound-induced hydraulic and electrical systems," all without a nervous system. Quite remarkable. https://lnkd.in/eKj_2Vj View in LinkedIn

JASMONATE SIGNALS IN ARABIDOPSIS. "Mechanical tissue damage inflicted on rosette leave results in large (~10 fold) and rapid (within 5 min) increases in JA and JA-IIe levels in undamaged leaves of the rosette." https://lnkd.in/eKj_2Vj View in LinkedIn

DEFENSE GENES. "Transcriptional regulation is a central process in plant immunity. The induction or repression of defense genes is orchestrated by signaling networks that are directed by plant hormones of which salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are the major players. The SA- and JA-responsive signaling pathways are interdependent and act in complex networks." https://lnkd.in/e4rD_UV View in LinkedIn

AIRBORNE VOLATILE JASMONATE triggers a defense reaction in plants. "Jasmonate, when applied to surfaces of tomato plants, induces the synthesis of a defensive proteinase proteins in the treated plant and in nearby plants as well." A widespread warning of plant damage to all neighbors. https://lnkd.in/ewBJUE3 View in LinkedIn

HOW PLANTS SMELL JASMONATE. The molecular machinery for salicylate acid (same as our aspirin) and jasmonate acid plant hormones from chemoreception to gene induction, with some key pathways shared by animal cells, especially through the stress modulator, NF-kappaB. https://lnkd.in/e4rD_UV View in LinkedIn