Month: September 2022

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION. Normally, DNA is copied (transcribed) to RNA and then translated to protein. Reverse transcriptase enzymes copy RNA back to DNA. This is reverse transcription. RNA retrovirus, with the main nucleic acid being RNA, must do this to replicate in the host cell. It converts its RNA to the language of the host cell, DNA. Eukaryotes also have reverse transcriptase for a number of functions. https://lnkd.in/ehzihBW View in LinkedIn

REVERSE TRANSCRIBED DNA. "A large part of genomic repetitive DNA is reverse transcribed, and plays a major role in the physical structured order of the genome as well as formatting functions for expression, replication, transmission, repair, restructuring, cell division, and differentiation." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

GENOMIC REGULATORS. "Reverse transcribed repetitive elements regulate genome organization." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

PALINDROMIC PROTECTION. "Microbial cells are protected from viral infections by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats that act together with proteins to cleave single-stranded RNA...These repeats are therefore evolutionarily very old." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

"RIBOSOMAL RNA components are catalytically active in polypeptide synthesis and are of major importance in every living cell." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

GENETIC TEXT EDITORS. "Three RNA assemblages are currently known to play vital roles in editing genetic text as a read-and-write medium." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. "In complex organisms, especially in mammals, before the transcript is processed to the final mRNA for translation into protein, natural genetic engineering occurs which we call alternative splicing." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE features interactomes. The last two weekends focused on gene quantity and the immense protein space. Now we see how it all comes together as proteins form larger associations and interactions, synergistically adding to complexity and functional capability. This connects the genotype to the phenotype. And it all needs coordination on a vast scale. View in LinkedIn

DEFINED BY CONTEXT. "The function of a protein is often tied to its interactions, and many proteins function as components of large multiprotein complexes. Multiprotein complexes also will connect to each other in a cell to carry out coordinated biological functions. Every cell has a network of protein interactions, where these connections within and between proteins and complexes yield insights into cellular states." https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-016-0913-4 View in LinkedIn

BEYOND GENOMICS. "Genomic sequencing will, however, if performed in isolation, leave fundamental questions pertaining to genotype-phenotype relationships unresolved. The causal changes that connect genotype to phenotype remain generally unknown, especially for complex trait loci and cancer-associated mutations." https://lnkd.in/eUdRWEe View in LinkedIn