Month: September 2022

SOURCE OF VARIATION. "Cellular differentiation and phenotypic variation result primarily from variations in this high order regulation, not in the proteins themselves." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

REGULATORY REACH. "The phenotypic variation in complex organisms is the result of a different use of a set of protein-coding core components. The higher order regulation in non-protein-coding genome architecture is able to manage a larger genetic data set in its phenotypic range." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

ONE GENE MANY PROTEINS. "As far as evolutionary processes are concerned, it is naturally much simpler to change or expand a number of very small control sequences than to duplicate an entire network of protein-coding genes. Variations of this higher order regulation can create an enormous spectrum of different protein expression profiles and we can understand at last why one and the same gene can be used for “multiple protein meanings”." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

"CHARLES DARWIN understood that evolution was a slow and gradual process. By gradual, Darwin did not mean "perfectly smooth," but rather, "stepwise," with a species evolving and accumulating small variations over long periods of time until a new species was born. He did not assume that the pace of change was constant, however, and recognized that many species retained the same form for long periods." https://lnkd.in/eca2Ygx View in LinkedIn

DISCONTINUOUS EVOLUTION. "Major evolutionary events can initiate within the repetitive sector of the genome and do not have to follow changes in the coding sector. This enables abrupt evolutionary developments as proposed in Gould’s theory of a “punctuated equilibrium” or as revolutionary-evolutive phases such as in the Cambrian explosion." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

PUNCTUATED EVOLUTION. "In 1972, evolutionary scientists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge proposed another explanation, which they called "punctuated equilibrium." That is, species are generally stable, changing little for millions of years. This leisurely pace is "punctuated" by a rapid burst of change that results in a new species and that leaves few fossils behind." http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/5/l_035_01.html View in LinkedIn

EXPLOSIVE SALTATIONS. "One group of coral-like sea organisms in particular, called bryozoan, shows this kind of pattern. The well-preserved fossil record of bryozoans shows that one species first appeared about 140 million years ago and remained unchanged for its first 40 million years. Then there was an explosion of diversification, followed by another period of stability for vast amounts of time." http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/5/l_035_01.html View in LinkedIn

"RETROVIRUSES may have contributed to evolutionary saltations by causing deletions, duplications and rearrangements of chromosomes." https://lnkd.in/eZu6_fe View in LinkedIn

SMALL WILDFIRES. "Population genetic studies show us that small changes can accrue quickly in small populations. And evolutionary developmental biology is revealing new mechanisms that regulate the expression of small genetic changes in ways that can have a large effect on phenotype." http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/5/l_035_01.html View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC CHANGES. "Different genome system architecture can have distinct transmission and expression properties even with the same coding sequences. Meaningful evolutionary change can take place in the repetitive component of the genome without altering coding sequences” https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn