Year: 2022

TRANSITIONS AND GENE NUMBER. "Comparisons of several independently evolved pairs of multicellular and unicellular relatives indicate that transitions to multicellularity are typically associated with increases in the numbers of genes involved in cell differentiation, cell-cell communication, and adhesion." https://lnkd.in/d7ecRYi View in LinkedIn

GENETIC COMPLEXITY. "Further examination of the DNA record suggests that these increases in gene complexity are the product of evolutionary innovation, tinkering, and expansion of genetic material." http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.genet.42.110807.091513 View in LinkedIn

LOWER-LEVEL COMPLEXITY LOSS. "A hypothesis has been advanced recently predicting that, in evolution, as higher-level entities arise from associations of lower-level organisms, and as these entities acquire the ability to feed, reproduce, defend themselves, and so on, the lower-level organisms will tend to lose much of their internal complexity." http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056%5B0441:ACDOCI%5D2.0.CO%3B2 View in LinkedIn

PART TYPE DRAIN. "In other words, in hierarchical transitions, there is a drain on numbers of part types at the lower level." http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056%5B0441:ACDOCI%5D2.0.CO%3B2 View in LinkedIn

GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE. "Evolutionary changes in organismal traits may occur either gradually or suddenly. However, until recently, there has been little direct information about how phenotypic changes are related to the rate and the nature of the underlying genotypic changes." https://lnkd.in/dPsaKRf View in LinkedIn

TOUGH NUT. "A fundamental problem in biology is the evolutionary transition from single cells to multicellular life forms. During this transition the unit of selection shifts from individual cells to groups of cooperating cells." https://lnkd.in/dM8VCEC View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE features the brilliant, eccentric, and inspired Dutch graphic artist, MC Escher (1998-1972). He was deeply interested in the nature of space, symmetry, illusion and frequently embodied these themes in images of natural forms and creatures. He had no mathematical training but his work was inspired by mathematics and nature. View in LinkedIn

MC ESCHER. "Only those who attempt the absurd will achieve the impossible. I think it's in my basement...let me go upstairs and check." http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/m_c_escher.html View in LinkedIn

PLAYFUL ABSURDITY. "I try in my prints to testify that we live in a beautiful and orderly world, not in a chaos without norms, even though that is how it sometimes appears. My subjects are also often playful: I cannot refrain from demonstrating the nonsensicalness of some of what we take to be irrefutable certainties." (MC Escher). https://lnkd.in/dAXs8BQ View in LinkedIn

MC ESCHER GALLERY. http://www.mcescher.com/gallery/ View in LinkedIn