Year: 2022

ADVANTAGES OF BOXES. "It is now clear that the behavior of molecules in dilute solution is really quite different from their behavior in capsules." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19603810 View in LinkedIn

CONFINED REACTIONS. "Molecules isolated from bulk media in spaces barely large enough to accommodate them and a few neighbors show new phenomena: their activities resemble those of molecules inside biochemical structures--pockets of enzymes, interiors of chaperones, or the inner space of the ribosome--rather than conventional behavior in solution." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19603810 View in LinkedIn

UNEXPECTED BOX VIRTUES. "We also relate how asymmetric spaces can be created inside the capsule by using a chiral guest. In contrast to the situation in dilute solution, where rapid exchange of solute partners and free molecular motion average out the steric and magnetic effects of chirality, the long lifetimes of the encounters in the capsules magnify the effects of an asymmetric environment." https://lnkd.in/dHEf56Q View in LinkedIn

CHIRALS IN BOXES. "The capsule remains achiral, but the remaining space is chiral, and coencapsulated molecules respond in an amplified way. We probe the various regions of the capsule with guests of different shape. Primary acetylenes, the narrowest of functional groups, can access the tapered ends of the capsule that exclude functions as small as methyl groups." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19603810 View in LinkedIn

BOX CHEMISTRY. "The exploration of these confined spaces and of the molecules within them continues to open new frontiers." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19603810 View in LinkedIn

SPECIATION. "How new species emerge in nature is still incompletely understood and difficult to study directly. Self-replicating molecules provide a simple model that allows us to capture the fundamental processes that occur in species formation." https://lnkd.in/dfhRgv9 View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR SPECIATION. "We have been able to monitor in real time and at a molecular level the diversification of self-replicating molecules into two distinct sets that compete for two different building blocks (‘food’) and so capture an important aspect of the process by which species may arise." https://lnkd.in/dfhRgv9 View in LinkedIn

"MINIMAL SELF-REPLICATING SYSTEMS typically consist of three components: a product molecule, and two substrate molecules that become joined to form another product molecule. An important characteristic of self-replicating systems is the ability of the product to catalyze the formation of additional product, resulting in autocatalytic behavior." https://lnkd.in/dZUKQUR View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR ECOSYSTEMS. "Chemists have shown that a group of synthetic enzymes replicated, competed and evolved much like a natural ecosystem, but without life or cells." https://lnkd.in/dwfMZfe View in LinkedIn

SYNTHETIC ENZYMES. "So long as you provide the building blocks and the starter seed, it goes forever...It is immortalized molecular information." https://www.wired.com/2009/01/replicatingrna/ View in LinkedIn