Year: 2022

TIME IN PHYSICS. “Physics is the only science that explicitly studies time, but even physicists agree that time is one of the most difficult properties of our universe to understand.” https://lnkd.in/dn7qBvV View in LinkedIn

GEOLOGICAL TIME CLOCK and the late emergence of life on earth. A very useful visualization to show that man is a very late arriver in this geologic history. https://lnkd.in/dSRsurj View in LinkedIn

SNAPSHOT OF BIOLOGICAL TIME SCALES which range from microseconds to weeks. https://lnkd.in/dvbKh8h View in LinkedIn

4.6 BILLION YEARS IN ONE HOUR. https://lnkd.in/dqzFaz4 View in LinkedIn

HOW AND WHY. “More than 50 years ago Ernst Mayr introduced the distinction between “proximate” and “ultimate” causes in biology. In this now classical theory, proximate causes act via short-term physiological processes, and ultimate causes act via long-term evolutionary processes. Put simply, the proximate cause addresses the question of “how?” and the ultimate cause addresses the “why?”. https://lnkd.in/dcBi6Jp View in LinkedIn

SCALING WITH SIZE. “Different biological time scales. Timing of processes scales with size: from the long-term evolutionary processes at the population level, to dynamics within a single population, timing during organism and organ development, down to cellular and subcellular processes.” https://lnkd.in/dnbEczB View in LinkedIn

FRACTAL TIME. “Time, like many other aspects of biology, is fractal in nature, when considered at a range of scales spanning, for example, species-level interactions to the cellular and molecular level.” https://lnkd.in/dnbEczB View in LinkedIn

SPACE AND TIME. “All cellular functions and fate decisions are governed by spatiotemporal design principles: circadian rhythms, cell division, development, metabolism, etc.” https://lnkd.in/dnbEczB View in LinkedIn

REGULATION OF COMPLEXITY. “Temporal complexity also scales with structural complexity: more complex organisms need increased regulation of various biological processes, hence the emergence of different levels of time-coupled responses.” https://lnkd.in/dnbEczB View in LinkedIn

SOLUTIONS TO TEMPORAL COMPLEXITY. “Inevitably, the complexity and variation produced by temporal changes introduces a challenge on the system in maintaining robustness. This is reconciled through modularity and synchronization.” https://lnkd.in/dnbEczB View in LinkedIn