Year: 2022

NUMERICAL ADVANTAGE. “Selfing can evolve in response to an extremely diverse array of selective agents, but its intrinsic 3 : 2 transmission advantage is ever present (up to 50%). This specific advantage arises because a selfing individual, in a stable population, transmits a total of three copies of alleles: two through self-fertilized seeds, and a single copy as an outcrossed pollen parent.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12182/full View in LinkedIn

NUMERICAL DISADVANTAGE. “By contrast, outcrossing individuals donate, on average, one copy as a seed parent (pollen for that seed having arrived from an outcrossing event with another individual) and another copy as a pollen parent. Inbreeding depression is usually invoked as the principal counterweight to this advantage.” https://lnkd.in/dj9hK7n View in LinkedIn

PURGING AND DEPRESSION. “Because elevated homozygosity accompanying the evolution of selfing may effectively purge partially recessive, harmful mutations, inbreeding depression should correspondingly decline in response to increased selfing.” https://lnkd.in/dj9hK7n View in LinkedIn

SELFING TO OUTCROSSING. “The conditions for reversal to outcrossing are the opposite of those for the evolution of selfing.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12182/full View in LinkedIn

PENALTY BOX. “Massive regain of inbreeding depression, particularly following hybridization events, may be a necessary prerequisite for reversals to partial or complete outcrossing.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12182/full View in LinkedIn

AMPLIFIED PENALTY BOX. “Although reversals to outcrossing are generally viewed as unlikely because of the concurrent reduction in outcrossing rate and inbreeding depression, it is widely underappreciated that the ecological context may amplify the costs of outcrossing.” https://lnkd.in/dj9hK7n View in LinkedIn

MORE RESTRICTIVE. “If selfing evolves because of reproductive assurance, the conditions for a reversal are even more restrictive than if selfing evolves principally because of its transmission advantage, assuming that all else is equal.” https://lnkd.in/dj9hK7n View in LinkedIn

STACKED DECK. “Outcrossing mutations would have to overcome both the transmission advantage of selfing and the greater seed production of plants capable of self-fertilization. These are potentially large disadvantages at the gene and individual levels.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12182/full View in LinkedIn

IMPACT OF POLLINATORS. “Reversals to outcrossing are also unlikely when selfing evolves in pollinator-limited environments, because pollination vectors are necessary to produce outcrossed seed.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12182/full View in LinkedIn

HYPOTHETICAL. “In the absence of pollinators, reversals would be impossible, with the sole exception of a simultaneous shift to an abiotic mode of cross-pollination.” https://lnkd.in/dj9hK7n View in LinkedIn