Year: 2022

SWARM BEHAVIORS. "Swarm Chemistry is a system devised by Sayama to model and simulate the behavior of groups of, for example, fish and ants." It can also be used for modeling evolving interacting particles. https://lnkd.in/d7dSPqh View in LinkedIn

SWARM CHEMISTRY. "We propose swarm chemistry a new artificial chemistry framework that uses artificial swarm populations as chemical reactants. Reaction in swarm chemistry is not determined by predefined reaction rules as commonly assumed in typical artificial chemistry studies, but is spontaneously achieved by the emergence of a new spatiotemporal pattern of collective behavior through the kinetic interaction between multiple chemical species.” https://lnkd.in/d4tbDm9 View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR MACHINES. "A class of artificial molecular machines consisting of folded and interconnected chains of basic artificial molecule constituents is described. Such machines are shown capable of carrying out any effective computational procedure. They can also produce molecule strings which are coded descriptions of themselves." https://lnkd.in/dhk_qd9 View in LinkedIn

"THE SWARM CHEMISTRY world has become capable of producing fully autonomous ecological and evolutionary behaviors of self-organized “super-organisms” made of a number of swarming particles. With a finite amount of resources (i.e., fixed number of particles) provided in a closed environment, we have observed behaviors of those macroscopic patterns that could be interpreted in ecological/evolutionary terms, such as reproduction, chasing, and predation, all emerging out of local interactions among individual particles." https://lnkd.in/dZz238a View in LinkedIn

STEEN RASMUSSEN: "Professor Rasmussen is currently the Head of the Center for Fundamental Living Technology (FLinT), a Research Director at the Department for Physics and Chemistry at University of Southern Denmark, External Research Professor at the Santa Fe Institute, USA, as well as Principle Investigator for the upstart of the Initiative for Society, and Policy (ISSP) in Denmark." https://lnkd.in/dnUNrjM View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE ponders the issue of gigantism during certain periods of evolution, when insects, plants, and animals gained enormous sizes. Our focus this weekend is on giant insects and why they arose. We grew up learning that insects are at their physiological limit today, due to their respiratory system, so how were ancient insects so big? How were they differently adapted to overcome their plumbing? And were they structurally different so that they could carry a greater body mass on delicate wings? View in LinkedIn

PREHISTORIC GIGANTISM. https://lnkd.in/dfVpM2x View in LinkedIn

GIGANTISM. "The largest species (global giants) in all categories are of post-Paleozoic age. Gigantism at this level appeared tens to hundreds of millions of years after mass extinctions and long after the origins of clades in which it evolved.” https://lnkd.in/dv_ZqB3 View in LinkedIn

LARGE VERSUS SMALL. "It has long been known that very large plants and animals are functionally unlike their smaller counterparts: they are more likely to be top consumers or producers, to tolerate a greater range of environmental conditions (at least in the case of animals), to maintain internal homeostasis more effectively, to be less vulnerable as adults to lethal predation, to compete more successfully for mates (again mainly in animals) and to be more prone to extinction during times of crisis." https://lnkd.in/dv_ZqB3 View in LinkedIn

PEAK OF GIGANTISM. "Gigantism as a hallmark of competitive superiority appears to have lost its luster on land after the Mesozoic in favor of alternative means of achieving dominance, especially including social organization and coordinated food-gathering." https://lnkd.in/dv_ZqB3 View in LinkedIn