Year: 2022

MACHINE SCIENCE. "We have confirmed Adam’s conclusions through manual experiments. To describe Adam’s research, we have developed an ontology and logical language. The resulting formalization involves over 10,000 different research units in a nested treelike structure, 10 levels deep, that relates the 6.6 million biomass measurements to their logical description. This formalization describes how a machine contributed to scientific knowledge." (Ross King). https://lnkd.in/dJJ9HmD View in LinkedIn

DERIVING GLYCOLYSIS. "The biological system that the researchers used to test ABE is glycolysis, the primary process that produces energy in a living cell. The ability to generate mathematical equations from scratch is what sets ABE apart from Adam, the robot scientist developed by Ross King and his colleagues at the University of Wales at Aberystwyth." https://lnkd.in/eGii4i4 View in LinkedIn

OUTPERFORMED. "We built and tested a detailed logical model (involving genes, proteins and metabolites) of the aromatic amino acid synthesis pathway. In biological experiments that automatically reconstruct parts of this model, we show that an intelligent experiment selection strategy is competitive with human performance and significantly outperforms, with a cost decrease of 3-fold and 100-fold (respectively), both cheapest and random-experiment selection." https://lnkd.in/d_c-WZa View in LinkedIn

ROBOT-HUMAN SCIENCE TEAMS. "Ultimately we hope to have teams of human and robot scientists working together in laboratories. Because biological organisms are so complex it is important that the details of biological experiments are recorded in great detail. This is difficult and irksome for human scientists, but easy for Robot Scientists." https://lnkd.in/dMfcK8Q View in LinkedIn

SCIENTIFIC EFFICIENCY. "If science was more efficient it would be better placed to help solve society’s problems. One way to make science more efficient is through automation. Automation was the driving force behind much of the 19th and 20th century progress, and this is likely to continue." https://lnkd.in/dMfcK8Q View in LinkedIn

"ROBOT SCIENTISTS could provide a useful tool for managing such data and knowledge, making scientific procedures easier and more efficient. This kind of learning will become even more important as we move further towards integrative and predictive biology in the era of Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web." https://lnkd.in/dMfcK8Q View in LinkedIn

ADAM & EVE. "Towards Robot Scientists for autonomous scientific discovery. We describe our two prototype Robot Scientists: Adam and Eve. Adam has recently proven the potential of such systems by identifying twelve genes responsible for catalysing specific reactions in the metabolic pathways of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This work has been formally recorded in great detail using logic." https://lnkd.in/dHmK73K View in LinkedIn

HYPOTHESIS TESTING. "Adam conceived 20 hypotheses concerning the identity of genes encoding 13 locally orphan enzymes in S. cerevisiae. Adam tested all these hypotheses on its robotic system and was able to confirm by experimentation, with a high degree of confidence, the correctness of 12 of them." https://lnkd.in/dHmK73K View in LinkedIn

EVE THE SCIENTIST. "Eve is a prototype system to demonstrate the automation of closed-loop learning in drug-screening and design. Eve's robotic system is capable of moderately high-throughput compound screening (greater than 10,000 compounds per day) and is designed to be flexible enough such that it can be rapidly re-configured to carry out a number of different biological assays." https://lnkd.in/dHmK73K View in LinkedIn

EVE DISCOVERS DRUG. "Ross King from the University of Manchester in England and his team say Eve found a chemical called TNP-470 effectively targets an enzyme that is key to the growth of Plasmodium vivax, one of the parasites that causes malaria. “I didn’t expect to actually find any useful compounds, I thought we’d just demonstrate the AI,” https://lnkd.in/d7vKW9D View in LinkedIn