Year: 2022

SIZE REDUCTION AT A COST. "Langton observed that the capability of computational universality found in the self-reproducing automata of von Neumann is not known to be present in any self-replicating molecules or in the biological structure of any known living entity. Consequently, Langton achieved a substantial reduction in size by abandoning computation universality." https://lnkd.in/dSdcD2A View in LinkedIn

FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL DEATH. "The concept of death in cellular automata is just as important as self-reproduction. Death is important to realize for natural selection, which is based on the survival of fitter organisms. Realization of death can be functional or structural." https://lnkd.in/dSdcD2A View in LinkedIn

CONTINUATION. "Reggia et al., presented several small self-replicating loops, essentially based on Langton's work." https://lnkd.in/dn83zJW View in LinkedIn

"THE EMBRYONICS (embryonic electronics) project is a joint collaboration between the Logic Systems Laboratory and the Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA. The ultimate objective is the construction of large-scale integrated circuits, exhibiting properties such as self-repair (healing), self-replication, and evolution, found up until now only in living beings." https://lnkd.in/dn83zJW View in LinkedIn

BIODULE. "The embryonics team developed an artificial cell, dubbed biodule (biological module), that is used as an elementary unit from which multicellular organisms can ontogenetically develop to perform useful tasks. Cellular differentiation takes place by having each cell compute its coordinates (i.e., position) within a one- or two-dimensional space, after which it can extract the specific gene within the artificial genome responsible for the cell's functionality." https://lnkd.in/dn83zJW View in LinkedIn

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION. "While most of the systems described herein were designed by hand, Koza showed that self-replicating LISP programs can spontaneously emerge. In his experiment, programs were randomly created from a number of (hand-designed) basic components, or functions." https://lnkd.in/dn83zJW View in LinkedIn

MICE UNDIES. "To create mice, a recipe called for dirty underwear and wheat grain to be mixed in a bucket and left open outside. In 21 days or less, you would have mice." https://lnkd.in/dz3A2JN View in LinkedIn

OLD DOGMA. "Spontaneous generation is the hypothesis that some vital force contained in or given to organic matter can create living organisms from inanimate objects. Spontaneous generation was a widely held belief throughout the middle ages and into the latter half of the 19th century." https://lnkd.in/dz3A2JN View in LinkedIn

DISPROVEN THEORY. "Francesco Redi disproved spontaneous generation for large organisms by showing that maggots arose from meat only when flies laid eggs in the meat. Louis Pasteur ended the debate with his famous swan-neck flask experiment, which allowed air to contact the broth. Microbes present in the dust were not able to navigate the tortuous bends in the neck of the flask." https://lnkd.in/dz3A2JN View in LinkedIn

PRIMORDIAL SOUP. "Chou and Reggia explored the possibility of creating a CA universe, a ``primordial soup,'' in which self-replicating structures are not inoculated ab initio, but rather emerge in a spontaneous manner. Toward this end, they introduced a CA model in which the cellular state is divided into four distinct bit fields, thus facilitating the emergence of self-replication." (CA = cellular automata). https://lnkd.in/dn83zJW View in LinkedIn