Year: 2022

"CODONS are triplet codes that comprise the genetic code. They consist of a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides. In total, there are 64 unique codons that can be translated into 20 amino acids that bind together to create proteins in the human body.” https://lnkd.in/d_jwvPr View in LinkedIn

CODON AMPLIFICATION. "There are 21 possible results from each codon. The one “start” codon encodes one amino acid; 60 different codons encode another 19 amino acids; and three codons encode “stop”. The 3 billion base pairs would be grouped into 1 billion codons, and each codon has 21 possible meanings. So that would be 21^(1 billion) sequences of amino acids." https://lnkd.in/eq-g674 View in LinkedIn

TOTAL BITS. "So that is a total information of 4,392,322,500 bits including the epigenome. In ASCII code, that would be 627,474,642 MB (megabytes). https://lnkd.in/eq-g674 View in LinkedIn

ONLY 20 AMINO ACIDS MAKE PROTEINS. "There are 22 standard amino acids, but only 21 are found in eukaryotes. Of the 22, 20 are directly encoded by the universal genetic code. Humans can synthesize 11 of these 20 from each other or from other molecules of intermediary metabolism. The other 9 must be consumed in the diet." https://lnkd.in/eeMC3wc View in LinkedIn

ONLY 20 AMINO ACIDS MAKE PROTEINS. "There are 22 standard amino acids, but only 21 are found in eukaryotes. Of the 22, 20 are directly encoded by the universal genetic code. Humans can synthesize 11 of these 20 from each other or from other molecules of intermediary metabolism. The other 9 must be consumed in the diet." https://lnkd.in/eeMC3wc View in LinkedIn

FINITE SIZE RANGE. "Proteins exist in a finite range of sizes with a limited amino acid alphabet. We find that these restrictions set an intrinsic limit to designing protein interfaces that can bind selectively to target proteins, while remaining relatively repulsive to all other protein interfaces." https://lnkd.in/eTyvTV7 View in LinkedIn

"THE POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS that make up proteins have thousands of atoms and hence millions of possible inter-atomic interactions. It might be supposed that the resulting complexity would make prediction of protein structure and protein-folding mechanisms nearly impossible." https://lnkd.in/dip7EJJ View in LinkedIn

SIMPLER FOLDING. "But the fundamental physics underlying folding may be much simpler than this complexity would lead us to expect: folding rates and mechanisms appear to be largely determined by the topology of the native (folded) state." https://lnkd.in/dip7EJJ View in LinkedIn

MINIMAL NUMBER OF GENES. "Over the years, a number of experiments have been undertaken to approximate the number of essential genes within various model organisms. Most often this was done through the generation of a set of mutations that were subsequently classified with respect to lethality." https://lnkd.in/dsXKSjN View in LinkedIn

SMALLEST NATURAL GENE SET. "The complete sequence of the 580 kb M. genitalium genome; it encodes a mere 480 proteins." https://lnkd.in/dsXKSjN View in LinkedIn