Year: 2022

REASSEMBLY. "It is interesting to note that the virus can be reassembled later and regain its functional status." https://lnkd.in/eCG7b3z View in LinkedIn

"VIRAL EVOLUTION. Higher-level mutations of viruses do exist, however. There are variants of many known viruses, with over a dozen known for some IBM PC viruses. The variations involved can be very small, on the order of two or three instructions difference, to major changes involving differences in messages, activation, and replication." https://lnkd.in/eCG7b3z View in LinkedIn

HUMAN HAND. "Polymorphic viruses alter their copies to avoid detection, but the pattern of alteration is ultimately a human product. These changes do not constitute evolution, however." https://lnkd.in/eCG7b3z View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and concludes on the theme of biological simplicity, how it arose, and its relationship to the abundant biological complexity that we see everywhere. View in LinkedIn

GENES ASSEMBLE IN CHROMOSOMES. "Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)." Chromosomes are made of genes. Humans have 26 pairs of chromosomes, or 52 total. Each pair is unique, so 156 billion unique human chromosomes alone." https://lnkd.in/dX-cKKe View in LinkedIn

CHROMOSOMES. The diploid number of chromosomes varies from 2 in Jack jumper ants to nearly 8,000 in ciliated protozoa. The average is between 100-200. https://lnkd.in/d58T4mt View in LinkedIn

SIMPLICITY NOT SELECTED. "In part, the answer must be that most processes in eukaryotes generally evolve toward complexity, presumably because complexity provides more regulatory opportunities and perhaps also because there is no selective pressure to enforce simplicity." Not always true: genetic streamlining is very real in parasites that outsource their genomes to grow. https://lnkd.in/d8Qr_bk View in LinkedIn

SIMPLER IS FASTER. "Organisms that reproduce more quickly and plentifully than their competitors have an evolutionary advantage. Consequently, organisms can evolve to become simpler and thus multiply faster and produce more offspring, as they require fewer resources to reproduce." https://lnkd.in/dTDx7g6 View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE UNIVERSAL LOGIC. "Based on concepts from a variety of fields of research, the emerging notion is that common principles of biological and nonbiological organization indicate that natural phenomena arise and evolve from a central theme captured by the process of information exchange. Thus, a relatively simple universal logic that rules the evolution of natural phenomena can be unveiled from the apparent complexity of the natural world." https://lnkd.in/duQKRmB View in LinkedIn

SIMPLICITY AND ABUNDANCE. "One reason for Amoeba's fecundity is that its life-forms have a simple structure. Pergellis has carefully designed his instruction set such that it is possible to create a self-replicating cell with only 5 instructions." https://lnkd.in/dJPTA3e View in LinkedIn