Year: 2022

SUBSIDIZED FERTILIZERS. "Fertiliser intended for government subsidy programmes is sometimes diverted and sold to farmers at or near market prices. Failure to account for such ‘leakage’ can upwardly bias econometric estimates of the effect of government fertiliser subsidy programmes on total fertilizer use."" " http://lnkd.in/dEKxXJm View in LinkedIn

FOSSIL FUEL FERTILIZERS ARE EXPENSIVE. "From the standpoint of industrial efficiency, it's too bad we can't simply drink petroleum directly, because there's a lot less energy in a bushel of corn (measured in calories) than there is in the half-gallon of oil required to produce it. Ecologically, this is a fabulously expensive way to produce food—but "ecologically" is no longer the operative standard. In the factory, time is money, and yield is everything."" " http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/whats-eating-america-121229356/ View in LinkedIn

THE GREEN REVOLUTION I. "Increased use of various technologies such as pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers as well as new breeds of high yield crops were employed in the decades after the Second World War to greatly increase global food production."" " http://lnkd.in/dmXPY8k View in LinkedIn

MOLBIOL HELPED GREENREV. II. "With advances in molecular genetics, the mutant genes responsible for Arabidopsis thaliana genes were cloned. Stem growth in the mutant background is significantly reduced leading to the dwarf phenotype. Photosynthetic investment in the stem is reduced dramatically as the shorter plants are inherently more stable mechanically. Assimilates become redirected to grain production, amplifying in particular the effect of chemical fertilizers on commercial yield." http://lnkd.in/dmXPY8k View in LinkedIn

GREENREV FED THE WORLD. III. "Cereal production more than doubled in developing nations between the years 1961–1985. Yields of rice, maize, and wheat increased steadily during that period. The production increases can be attributed roughly equally to irrigation, fertilizer, and seed development, at least in the case of Asian rice."" " http://lnkd.in/dmXPY8k View in LinkedIn

FOOD PRODUCTION ENERGY EXPENSIVE. IV. "While agricultural output increased as a result of the Green Revolution, the energy input to produce a crop has increased faster, so that the ratio of crops produced to energy input has decreased over time. Green Revolution techniques also heavily rely on chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides and rely on machines, which as of 2014 rely on or are derived from crude oil, making agriculture increasingly reliant on crude oil extraction."" " http://lnkd.in/dmXPY8k View in LinkedIn

FOOD AND OIL NOW LINKED. V. "Since supplies of oil and gas are essential to modern agriculture techniques, a fall in global oil supplies could cause spiking food prices in the coming decade." http://lnkd.in/dmXPY8k View in LinkedIn

GREENREV LED TO MONOCULTURE CONSEQUENCES. "These monoculture crops are often used for export, feed for animals, or conversion into biofuel. According to Emile Frison of Bioversity International, the Green Revolution has also led to a change in dietary habits, as fewer people are affected by hunger and die from starvation, but many are affected by malnutrition such as iron or vitamin-A deficiencies."" " http://lnkd.in/dmXPY8k View in LinkedIn

PESTICIDE CONSEQUENCES. "In the Philippines the introduction of heavy pesticides to rice production, in the early part of the Green Revolution, poisoned and killed off fish and weedy green vegetables that traditionally coexisted in rice paddies. These were nutritious food sources for many poor Filipino farmers prior to the introduction of pesticides, further impacting the diets of locals."" " http://lnkd.in/dmXPY8k View in LinkedIn

GLOBALIZED FOOD AN ANTI-COMMUNIST STRATEGY? "A major critic of the Green Revolution, U.S. investigative journalist Mark Dowie, writes:" ""The primary objective of the program was geopolitical: to provide food for the populace in undeveloped countries and so bring social stability and weaken the fomenting of communist insurgency." In addition, sociological impacts included farmer's new debt status. " " http://lnkd.in/dmXPY8k View in LinkedIn