Year: 2022

POLINTONS "were only proposed in 2005, but since then we understand them a bit better. These mobile genetic elements further expand the growing family of jumping genes." https://lnkd.in/eEM2HAP View in LinkedIn

COMPLEX NETWORK. "Virophages, polintons, and transpovirons: a complex evolutionary network of diverse selfish genetic elements with different reproduction strategies. Recent advances of genomics and metagenomics reveal remarkable diversity of viruses and other selfish genetic elements." https://lnkd.in/eEUzxrC View in LinkedIn

GIANT VIRUSES. "Much like bacteria, the giant viruses (sometimes called giruses) possess their own parasites and their own mobilomes, i.e. communities of associated mobile genetic elements." http://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-10-158 View in LinkedIn

PARASITIC GENETIC ELEMENTS. "Genomes of most eukaryotes are populated by DNA copies of parasitic elements known as transposable elements (TEs) capable of reproducing themselves in the host genome in a non-Mendelian fashion" by horizontal gene transfer. https://lnkd.in/evfenaM View in LinkedIn

TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS (TEs). "Despite an enormous diversity of eukaryotic TEs, they belong to only two types, called retrotransposons and DNA transposons. Whereas a retrotransposon is transposed (retroposed) via reverse transcription of its mRNAs, a DNA transposon is transposed via transfer of its genomic copy from one site to another." https://lnkd.in/evfenaM View in LinkedIn

"POLINTONS: a hotbed of eukaryotic virus, transposon and plasmid evolution. Polintons (also known as Mavericks) are large DNA transposons that are widespread in the genomes of eukaryotes. We have recently shown that Polintons encode virus capsid proteins, which suggests that these transposons might form virions, at least under some conditions." https://lnkd.in/eqriJpu View in LinkedIn

SOME ARE AUTONOMOUS. "Analogously to known transposable elements, Polintons exist as autonomous and nonautonomous elements. Our data suggest that Polintons have evolved from a linear plasmid that acquired a retroviral integrase at least 1 billion years ago." Or, put another way: some are self-governed and self-reproducing mobile and ancient parasitic genes. https://lnkd.in/evfenaM View in LinkedIn

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SOME ARE NOT AUTONOMOUS. "Unlike retrotransposons, which synthesize their DNA copies by using their own RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase), DNA transposons cannot synthesize DNA. Instead, they multiply by using the host replication machinery." https://lnkd.in/evfenaM View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT SELFISH LINEAGE. "We hypothesize that Polintons were the first group of eukaryotic double-stranded DNA viruses to evolve from bacteriophages and that they gave rise to most large DNA viruses of eukaryotes and various other selfish genetic elements." https://lnkd.in/eS9xu2G View in LinkedIn