Year: 2022

DEEP UNKNOWN. "Viral communities influence microbial populations and human health, but their study is hampered by a large degree of uncharacterized sequence diversity. It has been estimated that 0.0002% of the global viral gene pool has been sequenced and deep sequencing of viruses purified from the environment typically yields a large majority of unidentified sequences." https://lnkd.in/e8TmVZf View in LinkedIn

NO DIVIDE. "The discovery of giant viruses infecting unicellular eukaryotes, in particular amoeba, eliminated the distinction between viruses and cellular life forms in terms of size and genomic complexity." https://lnkd.in/eMRxCdg View in LinkedIn

SHARED JUMPING GENES. "The evolutionary relationship between virophages, polintons and transpovirons is best represented as a network in which the edges correspond to shared genes." http://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-10-158 View in LinkedIn

SHARED GENE FAMILY. "This network also includes at least three distinct groups of viruses, the NCLDV, adenoviruses and an assemblage of bacteriophages." http://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-10-158 View in LinkedIn

NETWORK MODULE. "The network is tightly connected, with the edges typically linking the nodes through multiple genes. Clearly, this network is a module of a much large network that connects most of the virus world." http://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-10-158 View in LinkedIn

THE MODULAR THEORY "of phage evolution states that evolution takes place through the transfer of exchangeable units that might consist only of protein domains rather than of whole genes or transcriptional units. Module exchange occurs at frequencies higher than or equal to the mutation rate, and it thus offers an enhanced genetic adaptation efficiency relative to evolution by linear descent." https://lnkd.in/enWfaU4 View in LinkedIn

"Module exchange occurs at frequencies higher than or equal to the mutation rate, and it thus offers an enhanced genetic adaptation efficiency relative to evolution by linear descent." http://mmbr.asm.org/content/75/3/423.full View in LinkedIn

LARGE GENE POOL. "All dsDNA phage and prophage genomes seem therefore to be mosaic, with access by horizontal transfer to a large pool of genes, and the frequency of these events depends on the number of steps of genetic exchange required." http://mmbr.asm.org/content/75/3/423.full View in LinkedIn

GENOME MODULES. "Phage functions were maintained in the genome as modules, and that these homologous or analogous sequences could be interchanged easily between different phages." https://lnkd.in/eYJFG_7 View in LinkedIn

CORE VERSUS PLASTIC GENES. "The conserved core genes show either strong (e.g., myoviruses) or moderate (e.g., siphoviruses) vertical evolution, depending upon the phage family in question. The plastic regions of phage genomes show rampant horizontal gene transfer, accumulating and shuffling cellular and phage genes/ORFs alike, seemingly only limited by the physical constraint of the size of the genome that can be encapsidated." (ORF = Open Reading Frame). http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/2/140.full View in LinkedIn