SATURATION. “There is evidence that calcification can frequently still occur when the external Ca2+ and/or CO3(2-) are so low as to cause undersaturation of the medium with respect to calcite…in the case of celestite and silica, the present surface ocean is well below the saturation value for these 2 minerals, and for silica this has been the case since (at least) soon after the appearance of diatoms in the fossil record…By contrast, the present surface ocean is supersaturated with respect to calcite, although this is forecast to change due to increases in CO2.”
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