LIQUID CRYSTALS. “If you look at a gel, it consists mostly of empty space. It’s filled with water. There are nucleating surfaces with a hydrophilic charge and they are going to nucleate, ordering the water into exclusion zone water … It is a liquid crystal that sticks to the surface and therefore it is not going to come out.”
http://www.caims.ca/news/2011-nerenberg-lecture-fourth-phase-water-gerald-pollack