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CHANGES IN THINKING. "This shift is clear in the writings of Bill McKibben, who talks frequently about balance, but about balance with nature, not balance of nature, and how humankind is headed towards a catastrophic future if it does not act promptly and radically to rebalance society with nature." http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001963 View in LinkedIn

SYMBIOSIS with ancient microorganisms created our mitochondria, our nucleus, and the chloroplasts of photosynthetic creatures. This resulted in the sharing of big chunks of genes with the host, and a huge leap forward for eukaryotes. View in LinkedIn

COOPERATION MODEL. Margulis and Sagan: "the view of evolution as chronic bloody competition…dissolves before a new view of continual cooperation…Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking." https://lnkd.in/dNEtvR8 View in LinkedIn

Check this group out. https://lnkd.in/dGbkFwC View in LinkedIn

BALANCE OF NATURE. "The idea that there is a "balance of nature" is commonly held by biologists. They feel that the organisms in a community are harmoniously adjusted to one another so that a state of dynamic equilibrium exists." https://lnkd.in/dK-66Q6 View in LinkedIn

MODEL OPTIMIZATION. "The learning process optimises the fit of the model to the observations (or minimises the discrepancy between the model and the observations) by incrementally adjusting the parameters of the model." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-015-9358-z View in LinkedIn

CAUSTIC CRITICISM. "Slobodkin's statement may well be the most thoroughly falsified hypothesis still current in population biology. A survey of the literature fails to disclaim se a single case of a natural population behaving in the manner described." An outlier opinion. https://lnkd.in/dK-66Q6 View in LinkedIn

PROCESS OPTIMIZATION. "Evolutionarily, this is like the difference between adapting the parameters of a phenotype directly (e.g. the traits of a phenotype) vs adapting the parameters of a developmental process that produces fit phenotypes (this is a distinction which is lost when we assume a one-to-one mapping between genotype and phenotype)." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-015-9358-z View in LinkedIn

THE WORLD IS GREEN PROPOSITION, Hairston, Smith, and Slobodkin (1960). "The green biomass (in mature terrestrial communities) exists because predators kept herbivores in check." https://lnkd.in/d6T6CmR View in LinkedIn

OPTIMIZING THE PROCESS NOT OUTPUT. "Note that in a learning system the object of this incremental improvement process is different from a conventional optimisation process. Whereas a simple processes of optimisation (or incremental improvement) is usually applied to a solution or output directly, a learning process optimises a model of good solutions or outputs or an indirect representation of solutions." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-015-9358-z View in LinkedIn