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GERMLINE AND SOMA. "Senescence and ageing in plants diverge radically from the equivalent processes in animals because of differences in organization and development. In particular, the animal body comprises distinct germline (gamete-producing) and soma (nonreproductive) cells, whereas there is no differentiation into germline and soma in plants." https://lnkd.in/dPac2Jv View in LinkedIn

TWO GREAT AND DIFFERENT GROUPS. "Animals, being heterotrophic, have to reconcile the energy demands of repair and maintenance activities with those of growth and reproduction. Some theories consider age-related physiological deterioration and mortality to be a reflection of a progressive imbalance in this relationship. It is questionable, however, whether such an explanation can apply to autotrophic organisms such as green plants." https://lnkd.in/dPac2Jv View in LinkedIn

LIFE ECONOMICS. "Senescence in semelparous organisms is often considered to be the cost of sex, reflecting the trade-off between survival and reproductive investment." https://lnkd.in/dPac2Jv View in LinkedIn

TRANSITION DRIVERS. "We show how these steps require cooperation, division of labor, communication, mutual dependence, and negligible within-group conflict. We find that certain ecological conditions and the ways in which groups form have played recurrent roles in driving multiple transitions." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10112.full View in LinkedIn

FRATRICIDE. "Developing sinks export a factor that triggers senescence in target leaves." Sink leaves suck out the very last of the leaf nutrients from source leaves before the source leaves are allowed to be recycled in leaf litter. https://lnkd.in/dPac2Jv View in LinkedIn

COOPERATIVE STRATA. "We break down major transitions into two steps: the formation of a cooperative group and the transformation of that group into an integrated entity." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10112.full View in LinkedIn

THREE IN THE BED. "Progressive or sequential senescence occurs during vegetative growth in herbaceous species when continued leaf production at the stem apex is frequently at the expense of the senescence of preceding leaves on the shoot. For example, in certain temperate pasture grasses, each vegetative branch (tiller) generally carries about three mature leaves at any given time, and every new leaf that appears must be balanced by senescence of the lowermost leaf." https://lnkd.in/dPac2Jv View in LinkedIn

COMPLEXIFICATION. "The concept of evolutionary transitions, in principle, can be perceived as a general theory for the evolution of complexity." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

ENSEMBLE OF ENTITIES. "One could argue that evolution of complex systems in general involves a transition to selection at a higher level, that of an ensemble of entities, such as a group of genes encoding a particular set of proteins, from the selection at the lower level of individual entities (genes)." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

HIGHER LEVEL SELECTION. "The origin of multicellular organisms, which occurred on at least three independent occasions in the course of the evolution of eukaryotes, is perhaps the most obvious case in point whereby selection at the level of individual cells is supplanted by selection on cell collectives." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn