Category: Uncategorized

TRANSITIONS AND GENE NUMBER. "Comparisons of several independently evolved pairs of multicellular and unicellular relatives indicate that transitions to multicellularity are typically associated with increases in the numbers of genes involved in cell differentiation, cell-cell communication, and adhesion." https://lnkd.in/d7ecRYi View in LinkedIn

GARDEN OF DELIGHTS. "In mathematical quarters, the regular division of the plane has been considered theoretically…Does this mean that it is an exclusively mathematical question? In my opinion, it does not. [Mathematicians] have opened the gate leading to an extensive domain, but they have not entered this domain themselves. By their very nature they are more interested in the way in which the gate is opened than in the garden lying behind it." (MCE). https://lnkd.in/d_HZ4K8 View in LinkedIn

ENFORCING COOPERATION. "If the rhizobia in a root nodule do not provide nitrogen to their leguminous host plant, the plant reduces the growth rate of the bacteria by decreasing oxygen supply. In this case, each rhizobium cell is selected to fix nitrogen to avoid both itself and its relatives within the nodule being sanctioned." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207014996 View in LinkedIn

METAMORPHOSIS. "Escher, however, was fascinated by every kind of tessellation—regular and irregular—and took special delight in what he called “metamorphoses,” in which the shapes changed and interacted with each other, and sometimes even broke free of the plane itself." There metamorphoses of geometry also obsessed Gaudí in the Sagrada Familia. https://lnkd.in/d_HZ4K8 View in LinkedIn

INTERACTING MECHANISMS. "Although we have emphasised how the mechanisms favouring cooperation can be divided up, these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and there is considerable scope for interactions between them." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207014996 View in LinkedIn

TESSELLATIONS. "Regular divisions of the plane, called tessellations, are arrangements of closed shapes that completely cover the plane without overlapping and without leaving gaps. Typically, the shapes making up a tessellation are polygons or similar regular shapes, such as the square tiles often used on floors." (Reminiscent of the basic geometry of spider webs). https://lnkd.in/d_HZ4K8 View in LinkedIn

TRANSITIONS REQUIRED COOPERATION. "Almost all of the major evolutionary transitions from replicating molecules to complex animal societies have relied upon solving the problem of cooperation being solved." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207014996 View in LinkedIn

DIVISION OF THE PLANE. "M.C. Escher became fascinated by the regular Division of the Plane, when he first visited the Alhambra, a fourteen century Moorish castle in Granada, Spain in 1922." https://lnkd.in/dKF_WPx View in LinkedIn

SELF-TAUGHT. "Although Escher considered that he had no mathematical ability, he interacted with mathematicians George Pólya, Roger Penrose, and Harold Coxeter; read mathematical papers by these authors and by the crystallographer Friedrich Haag; and conducted his own original research into tessellation." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._C._Escher View in LinkedIn

BIOINSPIRED MATHEMATICS. "Early in his career he drew inspiration from nature, making studies of insects, landscapes, and plants such as lichens, all of which he reused as details in his artworks. He travelled in Italy and Spain, sketching buildings, townscapes, architecture and the tilings of the Alhambra and La Mezquita, Cordoba, and became steadily more interested in their mathematical structure." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._C._Escher View in LinkedIn