linkedin post 2016-12-27 05:18:54
AH, THOSE FUSSY DETAILS. "Biological details can complicate these theoretical generalities." https://lnkd.in/dNEtvR8 View in LinkedIn
linkedin post 2016-12-29 05:55:48
SNOWFLAKE YEAST. "Snowflake-phenotype yeast have a novel multicellular life history that responds to selection. As snowflake yeast evolved a twofold increase in size at reproduction over 14–60 transfers, propagule size declined from 40 to 20% of parental size." http://www.pnas.org/content/109/5/1595.full View in LinkedIn
linkedin post 2016-12-27 05:15:10
ITERATIVE PROCESS. "Subsequently, if conflicts can again be mediated, these higher-level units themselves can band together to form even higher-level units. The history of life can thus be viewed as a repetition of stages of cooperation leading to conflict, and conflict mediation leading to emergence. This process underlies many transitions in evolution, and these transitions are thus in some sense equivalent." https://lnkd.in/dNEtvR8 View in LinkedIn
linkedin post 2016-12-29 05:51:59
EMERGENT TRAITS. "We investigated the transition between unicellular and multicellular life by studying two emergent traits of multicellular snowflake-phenotype yeast, cluster reproduction, and settling survival. New clusters can potentially arise by production of either unicellular or multicellular propagules." http://www.pnas.org/content/109/5/1595.full View in LinkedIn
linkedin post 2016-12-27 05:11:55
COMPETITION AND COOPERATION. "Cooperation among lower-level units leads to nascent higher-level units. Conflicts among lower-level units can then undermine these emerging units. If conflicts can be mediated, however, then fully formed higher-level units can emerge. These new units can outcompete individual lower-level units and proliferate." https://lnkd.in/dNEtvR8 View in LinkedIn
linkedin post 2016-12-29 05:45:33
EVOLVING YEAST CLUSTERS. "The multicellular clusters are uniclonal, minimizing within-cluster genetic conflicts of interest. Simple among-cell division of labor rapidly evolved. Early multicellular strains were composed of physiologically similar cells, but these subsequently evolved higher rates of programmed cell death (apoptosis), an adaptation that increases propagule production." http://www.pnas.org/content/109/5/1595.full View in LinkedIn
linkedin post 2016-12-29 05:40:58
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP. "Experimental evolution of multicellularity. We subjected the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an environment in which we expected multicellularity to be adaptive. We observed the rapid evolution of clustering genotypes that display a novel multicellular life history characterized by reproduction via multicellular propagules, a juvenile phase, and determinate growth." http://www.pnas.org/content/109/5/1595.full View in LinkedIn
linkedin post 2016-12-31 06:06:14
COUPLING. "A hallmark feature of complex multicellularity is a two-stage life cycle in which multicellular individuals develop from a single cell. While this process is often coupled with sexual reproduction, mitotically produced unicellular propagules are also widespread (for example, in multicellular red, green, and brown algae and parthenogenetic animals)." https://lnkd.in/dU8HRX5 View in LinkedIn
linkedin post 2016-12-31 06:03:27
LOST ROADMAP OF TRANSITION. "Most origins of multicellularity are ancient and transitional forms have been lost to extinction, so little is known about the potential for multicellularity to evolve from unicellular lineages, or the route through which a multicellular life history arises." https://lnkd.in/dU8HRX5 View in LinkedIn
linkedin post 2016-12-31 06:01:56
"BROWN ALGAE are also one of only a small number of eukaryotic lineages that have evolved complex multicellularity." https://lnkd.in/dt66se8 View in LinkedIn