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FALSE PREMISE 3. "Third, identifying which of several complex cellular features confer on eukaryotes a putative richer evolutionary potential remains an area of speculation: various keys to success have been proposed and rejected over the five-decade history of research in this area." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

FALSE PREMISE 2. "Second, eukaryogenesis confronts evolutionary theory in ways not different from other evolutionary transitions in individuality; parallel systems can be found at several hierarchical levels." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

FALSE PREMISE 1. "First, the criteria by which we judge eukaryogenesis to have required a genuinely unlikely series of events 2 billion years in the making are being eroded by discoveries that fill in the gaps of the prokaryote:eukaryote “discontinuity.”." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

WAS IT SINGULAR? "Scientific and popular rhetoric extolling this event as a singularity lacks rigorous evidential and statistical support. Here, we question several of the usual claims about the specialness of eukaryogenesis, focusing on both eukaryogenesis as a process and its outcome, the eukaryotic cell." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

HIT BY LIGHTNING. "Eukaryogenesis is widely viewed as an improbable evolutionary transition uniquely affecting the evolution of life on this planet." https://lnkd.in/d6GwkCt View in LinkedIn

EUKARYOTES EVOLUTION. "Most hypotheses have been inferred from studying the biology of modern organisms. Eukaryotes may have evolved from prokaryotes because: (1). Both use RNA and DNA are the genetic material; (2). Both use the same 20 amino acids; (3). Both have ribosomes and DNA and RNA; (4). Both have a lipid bilayer cell membrane; (5). Both use L amino acids and D sugars." https://lnkd.in/dCVM9yX View in LinkedIn

HUGE DATA GAP. "There is no fossil record recording the evolution of the eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/dCVM9yX View in LinkedIn

MEASURING LEG. "The form of a spider's web can be seen as a representation of inherited rules of behaviour, although the geometry of the orb web is not rigidly predetermined. The garden spider Araneus diadematus Clerk orients the main (capture) spiral of the web according to measurements taken by particular legs. This is apparent when a measuring leg has been regenerated, because the reduced length of the regenerate is reflected in the geometry of the capture spiral." https://lnkd.in/dfgxXRZ View in LinkedIn

SPIDER VISCID SILK. "Araneoid capture silk, often referred to as viscid or sticky silk, is more economical to produce because of an alternative mechanism of adhesion. As the axial fibres are extruded from the flagelliform glands, an aqueous glue coating is simultaneously deposited from the aggregate glands onto the axial fibres and coalesces into microscopic droplets along the fibre's length." https://lnkd.in/dqTjK77 View in LinkedIn

WIDE BELL CURVE. "In addition to variability among silks types, there is substantial inherent variability in silk properties within the same silk types produced by individual spiders. This may be in part owing to variation in silk fibroin gene sequences and heterogeneous nanoscale morphology of silk fibres." https://lnkd.in/dqTjK77 View in LinkedIn