linkedin post 2017-02-11 05:28:59

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CLOSED LOOP SOCIETY. "Since very little trade was allowed, Japan had to be self-sufficient. The society ran as a very efficient closed loop system where all waste was used to support production and previously produced items were repaired and reused. In a closed loop system there is no waste produced that is not used. One simple example of this closed loop system is the use of night soil. Night soil is a term used for human excrement collected for fertilize." https://lnkd.in/dV-e-hv View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2017-02-11 05:25:09

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MOTTAINAI. "In Japanese, the word “mottainai” expresses the regret, even distaste, that we feel when we see a thing or resource wasted. But looking past its definition, mottainai means primarily a state of mind long rooted in Japanese culture. The idea of respect for nature, considered sacred, is deeply rooted in Japanese culture. The same applies to respect for things as, in Shinto mythology, all things have a soul." http://www.ready-for-the-resource-revolution.com/en/mottainai-the-japanese-waste-avoidance-culture/ View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2017-02-11 05:18:41

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SHINTO AND BUDDHISM combined in Japanese culture to create the philosophy that all aspects of nature have life, with the same standing as being a human being. The spirit of 'Mottainai', or 'avoiding wastefulness' made sure that the bounty of nature was never wasted and was used for as long as possible, with respect. View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2017-02-12 06:54:19

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"THE MUTANT MORNING GLORY ("asagao") has been a cherished flower since the days of old. Japan experienced repeated morning glory booms, particularly starting in the late Edo era (the imperial eras Bunka, Bunsei, Kaei, and Ansei (1804-1830,1854-1860)) and on into the Meiji and Taisho eras. A great many varieties were created around the end of the Edo period."" https://lnkd.in/dtWyfFW View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2017-02-11 05:13:29

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"CHONINDO (the way of the townspeople) was a distinct culture that arose in cities such as Osaka, Kyoto, and Edo. It encouraged...diligence, honesty, honor, loyalty, and frugality...Study of mathematics, astronomy, cartography, engineering, and medicine were also encouraged. Emphasis was placed on quality of workmanship, especially in the arts." (Edo is the former name for Tokyo). https://lnkd.in/d2hQGXb View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2017-02-11 05:08:23

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THE EDO PERIOD FLOWERING OF SCIENCE AND CULTURE in Japan, ranged from the development of technology that endures to today, such as superb metallurgy (originally used for Samurai swords), to tea ceremonies, culinary advances, fabric design, and horticulture, all designed to create a harmonious life. View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2017-02-14 06:01:21

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"HICCUPS are a vestigial motor reflex pattern (of glottal closure during inhalation, so that the vocal folds slam shut) left over from early tetrapod vertebrates, specifically the tadpole larvae of amphibians. Tadpoles undergo a ventilatory transformation from external filamentous gills to pulmonary respiration, with a consequent need to close lungs to avoid ingesting water, which is diverted to gills instead." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2017-02-14 05:58:03

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BEYOND STRUCTURE. "Although we usually focus on ‘useless’ (apparently non-functional) structural features, other aspects of an organism’s biology might be considered vestigial. These range from biochemical reactions or physiological properties, such as the mammalian dive reflex (present in humans but in much-reduced form relative to other mammals." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2017-02-14 05:55:40

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FUNCTIONAL LOSS. "The term vestige refers to something that has lost a former function during evolutionary change, such as our appendix, tail bone, and goose bumps, or the rudimentary pelvic bones of cetaceans and some large snakes." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn
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