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ISSUE OF INHERITANCE. "Crucial difference, however, is that whereas scars and other traces of injury (e.g., from regenerated limbs) remain a part of that organism, they are not passed along to the next generation, and in that essential sense they do not conform to a fundamental tenet of vestigiality as commonly understood." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

VIRAL PURGING. "Breeders today are trying to make Semper Augustus again. Surprising all of the former tulips have gone extinct and recently breeders eliminate tulips whenever they suspect some viruses to be present." https://lnkd.in/dqpDyTS View in LinkedIn

TWO VESTIGIAL SOURCES. "Both evolution and development might be said to leave vestigial remains not only in the phenotype we see, but also in the genotypic basis that helps to determine phenotypic expression (provided the genotypic changes are to the germ line, and thus heritable). Both kinds of vestiges result from solitary events in individual organisms." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

SEMPER AUGUSTUS. "Many believe that the Tulip ‘Semper Augustus’ is the holy grail of all tulip bulbs. Made famous during the well documented Tulip-mania period of 1637-1637, they were considered by many to be the most beautiful of all flowers and a pinnacle of achievement from the breeders." https://lnkd.in/d3W5rw7 View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR VESTIGES. "Just as illnesses, injuries, and other accidents of ontogeny often leave remains in the form of scars where tissues have incompletely healed from damage, chance events of phylogeny can likewise leave ‘vestiges’ in the form of molecules and nucleic acid sequences that are non-functional (as might apply to ‘junk DNA’)." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

TULIP GENOME. "The genetic complexity is high not only in tulips but also in maize, and other cultured plants such as rice or wheat. The accumulation of genes may result from breeding. In tulips the genome is almost tripled, three similar chromosomes accumulated, but did not quite stay identical but evolved separately to some extent. The plants can easily lose up to one third or even half of their genes, without much noticeable differences." https://lnkd.in/dqpDyTS View in LinkedIn

SILENT TOOLKIT. "We can only speculate as to the evolutionary significance of ‘internal’ molecular mechanisms, which are often silent or neutral, whereas we can see, directly and immediately, the profound consequences of these shifts (on snail shells, fish limbs, hen’s teeth, and so on) in external phenotypes." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

VESTIGIAL TEETH GENES. "No living birds have teeth, but we can tweak regulatory genes of embryonic chicks to ‘switch on’ still-present structural genes that encode for teeth." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

TWEEKS CAN BE PIVOTAL. "Studies show that minor molecular changes can provide major anatomical shifts, all of which might prove pivotal in evolution." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

MORE TWEEKS. "The same gene promoter (a 5’ Hoxd enhancer CsC) is involved in turning embryonic limb buds into fish fins as well as tetrapod hands." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn