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DNA AND RNA VIRUSES. "If a virus is a DNA virus, its genetic material then inserts itself into the host cell's DNA. If the virus is an RNA virus, it must first turn its RNA into DNA using the host cell's machinery before inserting into the host DNA. The viral genes are then copied many, many times, using the machinery the host cell would normally use to reproduce its own DNA." https://lnkd.in/dPy3Zu6 View in LinkedIn

Boston public schools map switch aims to New maps amend 500 years of distortion https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/mar/19/boston-public-schools-world-map-mercator-peters-projection?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

BREEDING MACHINES. "Viruses exist for one purpose only: to reproduce. To do that, they have to take over the reproductive machinery of suitable host cells." https://lnkd.in/dPy3Zu6 View in LinkedIn

ARE VIRUSES ALIVE? Perhaps it is best to get on with studying the beasts rather than resorting to old-fashioned opinion-based discourses. Unless, of course, you are in the business of looking for unusual life in unexpected places. Then you need to have a grasp of the possible forms of living things. https://lnkd.in/d6yNyaW View in LinkedIn

SPANISH FLU VIRIS REBORN. "Reconstruction of the 1918 virus and studies elucidating the exceptional virulence and transmissibility of the virus are providing exciting new insights into this devastating pandemic strain." It killed 50-100 million people. We still do not have a vaccine against it. https://lnkd.in/dDh4WMA View in LinkedIn

"MIMIVIRUS has the largest known viral genome (1.18 megabase-pairs) and encodes an unprecedented number of components of the transcriptional, translational and replication machinery, many of which have not previously been identified in viruses." https://lnkd.in/e9h9zTt View in LinkedIn

BALANCE. "Viruses that cause chronic infection constitute a stable but little-recognized part of our metagenome: our virome. Ongoing immune responses hold these chronic viruses at bay while avoiding immunopathologic damage to persistently infected tissues. The immunologic imprint generated by these responses to our virome defines the normal immune system." https://lnkd.in/b9QHr8w View in LinkedIn

HUMAN VIROME. "The eukaryotes and viruses that are associated with humans have typically been studied with a focus on specific pathogenic organisms...recent research is beginning to show that even healthy humans harbor a diverse consortium of viruses that make up the human virome. Most viral sequences currently being identified in mammals are novel, suggesting that we are just beginning to characterize the diversity within the human virome." https://lnkd.in/dRUEtkS View in LinkedIn

MICROBIOME. "Only a small minority of these can be cultured, and recently, culture-independent high-throughput sequencing has greatly expanded the repertoire of known microbes both in our bodies and in the environment. Highly multiplexed studies have made it possible to characterize and compare many samples rapidly, enabling the detection of spatial, temporal, and disease-associated patterns in our microbiota." https://lnkd.in/dRUEtkS View in LinkedIn

HOME OF A QUADRILLION VIRUSES. "We have only recently started to appreciate that the human body is home to far more than human cells: we harbor at least 100 trillion (10(14)) microbial cells and a quadrillion viruses in and on us. Collectively, the microbial associates that reside in and on the human body constitute our microbiota, and the genes they encode is known as our microbiome." https://lnkd.in/dRUEtkS View in LinkedIn